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What’s Holding You Back?

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Lesson Plan

Barriers & Breakthroughs Plan

Students will identify personal barriers and align their actions with core values through self-reflection, peer discussion, and values-based exercises.

This lesson empowers 12th graders with ACT skills to recognize obstacles, clarify their values, and foster resilience and purposeful decision-making as they transition beyond high school.

Audience

12th Grade Class

Time

45 minutes

Approach

Self-reflection, peer discussion, and hands-on values mapping.

Prep

Teacher Preparation

10 minutes

Step 1

Value Snapshot Warm-Up

5 minutes

  • Distribute Value Snapshot Warm-Up to each student
  • Instruct students to silently reflect and list three core personal values
  • Ask students to note briefly why each value matters in their lives

Step 2

ACT Foundations Overview

10 minutes

  • Present the six ACT core principles using ACT Foundations Slides
  • Explain acceptance, cognitive defusion, present moment awareness, self-as-context, values, and committed action
  • Invite questions to clarify each principle

Step 3

Barrier Brainstorm Discussion

10 minutes

  • Organize students into small groups
  • Provide each group with the Barrier Brainstorm Discussion Guide
  • Groups discuss common personal barriers and jot down patterns they notice
  • Have each group share one or two key barriers with the whole class

Step 4

Compass of Values Activity

15 minutes

  • Hand out the Compass of Values Activity Sheet
  • Students plot their identified core values on the compass framework
  • For each value direction, students list one barrier preventing action
  • Students then brainstorm a committed action step to overcome each barrier

Step 5

Reflection and Wrap-Up

5 minutes

  • Invite a few volunteers to share insights on their barriers and chosen actions
  • Encourage the whole class to set one value-driven goal to work on this week
  • Summarize key takeaways and emphasize ongoing self-reflection practices
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Slide Deck

ACT Foundations

Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT)
Building psychological flexibility to live by what matters most.

Welcome everyone! Today we’ll introduce the six core principles of Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT). Our goal is to build awareness of these processes and see how they help us live more fully. Encourage questions throughout.

What Is ACT?

• A mindfulness- and values-based behavioral therapy
• Focuses on acceptance, defusion, and committed action
• Goal: psychological flexibility — responding effectively rather than avoiding

Define ACT briefly. Highlight its evidence base and focus on skills rather than symptom elimination. Explain that we’ll cover six core processes.

Core Principle 1: Acceptance

“Opening up” to all experiences—pleasant or painful—without needless struggle.

• Make space for thoughts and feelings
• Drop the battle against inner experiences

Explain acceptance as making room for unwanted thoughts and feelings rather than struggling with them. Use a brief example of resisting anxiety.

Core Principle 2: Cognitive Defusion

Stepping back from thoughts and seeing them as passing events, not literal truths.

• Observe thoughts without getting entangled
• Use phrasing to create distance

Illustrate defusion with a simple technique (e.g., adding “I’m having the thought that…”). Emphasize noticing thoughts as events, not facts.

Core Principle 3: Present Moment Awareness

Engaging fully with the here and now, with openness and curiosity.

• Notice thoughts, feelings, and sensations
• Bring attention back when mind wanders

Discuss mindful presence. Mention a brief breathing or grounding exercise to show present-moment focus.

Core Principle 4: Self-as-Context

Observing self—a consistent perspective from which all thoughts and feelings are noticed.

• You are not your thoughts or emotions
• You’re the “space” in which experiences occur

Use the “self-as-context” metaphor (e.g., sky vs. weather) to illustrate how we can step outside our experiences and observe them.

Core Principle 5: Values

Clarifying what truly matters to guide our actions.

• Identify life directions, not goals
• Values provide ongoing motivation

Explain values as chosen life directions. Invite students to think of areas (e.g., relationships, learning) that matter most.

Core Principle 6: Committed Action

Making concrete moves guided by values, despite obstacles.

• Set small, achievable steps
• Persist in meaningful directions

Describe committed action as taking value-driven steps, even when discomfort arises. Share a quick example (e.g., practicing a skill despite fear of failure).

Next Up: Value Snapshot Warm-Up

Silently list three core personal values.
For each value, briefly note why it matters in your life.

Prepare students for the next activity: reflecting on personal values. Encourage focus and silent thought.

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Warm Up

Value Snapshot Warm-Up

Objective: Quickly identify and reflect on your top three personal values to ground our session.

Instructions:

  1. List three core values that are most important to you.
  2. For each value, briefly explain why it matters in your life.
  3. Notice any themes or connections among your values.

Value 1:




Why it matters:




Value 2:




Why it matters:




Value 3:




Why it matters:




Reflection:
What patterns or themes do you observe among your three values?







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Discussion

Barrier Brainstorm Discussion Guide

Objective: In small groups, students will identify and articulate personal barriers to living by their values, share real-life examples, and spot common patterns or themes.

Group Setup: 3–4 students per group | 10 minutes total


Instructions for Students

  1. Select a Scribe & Speaker:
    • Scribe records key points on paper or whiteboard.
    • Speaker will share your group’s top discoveries during the debrief.
  2. Discuss the Following Prompts:
    1. Identify Your Barriers





      • What obstacles (internal or external) have you encountered when trying to honor one of your core values?
      • Give at least one concrete example from your own life.
    2. Experience Check





      • When this barrier arises, what thoughts, feelings, or physical sensations do you notice?
      • How do you normally respond?
    3. Pattern Spotting





      • As a group, look at all barriers you’ve listed. Are there common themes (e.g., fear of judgment, lack of time, negative self-talk)?
      • Jot down 1–2 patterns you observe.
    4. Link to ACT Skills





      • Which ACT principle (Acceptance, Defusion, Present Moment, Self-as-Context, Values Clarity, Committed Action) could help with each barrier?
      • Briefly note how you might apply one skill in a real situation.
  3. Prepare to Share:
    • Choose one barrier and one pattern your group discussed.
    • Be ready to explain why these stood out and how an ACT skill might help overcome them.

Teacher Tips & Follow-Ups

  • Circulate and listen for rich examples—prompt quieter groups with, “Can you think of a time when…”
  • If groups list only external barriers, ask, “What internal thoughts or feelings accompany that obstacle?”
  • Highlight connections between groups when common themes emerge.
  • Encourage specific, value-driven language rather than generic terms (e.g., say “fear of not meeting my own standards” instead of “fear”).
  • Remind students this is a safe, non-judgmental space; reinforce confidentiality and respect for differing experiences.

Transition to Share-Out: After 10 minutes, invite each group’s speaker to share their selected barrier, pattern, and ACT skill application with the whole class.

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Activity

Compass of Values Activity Sheet

Objective: Map your core values onto a compass framework, identify barriers for each, and brainstorm one small committed action to move toward each value.

Materials Needed:


Instructions:

  1. Recall the three core values you listed in the Value Snapshot Warm-Up (Value Snapshot Warm-Up).
  2. Assign each of your values to one of the four compass directions (North, East, South, West). You may choose one value per direction or leave one direction blank if you have only three values.
  3. For each direction:
    a. Write your Value.
    b. Identify one Barrier that prevents you from acting on this value regularly.
    c. Brainstorm one Committed Action—a small, achievable step you can take this week to overcome that barrier and move toward your value.
  4. Reflect on which action feels most important to you and set a goal to follow through this week.

DirectionValueBarrierCommitted Action
North








East








South








West









Reflection:

Which single committed action will you prioritize this week to live more in line with your values?







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