Lesson Plan
Navigating the Darkness Lesson Plan
Participants will learn and practice evidence-based strategies—cognitive restructuring, mindfulness, and behavioral activation—to manage depressive symptoms, enhance resilience, and co-create a personalized action plan for sustaining emotional well-being.
This session targets adults experiencing depression, providing tailored tools and support to reduce symptoms, improve daily functioning, and foster long-term wellness through actionable techniques that participants can apply immediately.
Audience
Adults experiencing depressive symptoms
Time
60 minutes
Approach
Guided discussion, hands-on practice, and personalized planning.
Materials
Participant Worksheet, Mindfulness Audio Guide, Cognitive Restructuring Worksheet, Personalized Action Plan Template, Timer/Clock, and Quiet, Comfortable Seating Area
Prep
Prepare Materials & Space
5 minutes
- Review Participant Worksheet.
- Familiarize yourself with the Mindfulness Audio Guide.
- Ensure audio equipment or headphones are working properly.
- Print copies of the Cognitive Restructuring Worksheet and Personalized Action Plan Template.
- Arrange a quiet, comfortable seating area free from distractions.
Step 1
Establish Rapport & Goal Setting
10 minutes
- Welcome the participant and conduct a brief mood check-in.
- Introduce the session’s objectives and co-create goals.
- Reinforce confidentiality and create a safe, nonjudgmental space.
Step 2
Psychoeducation on Depression
10 minutes
- Provide a concise overview of depression symptoms and common thought–emotion–behavior cycles.
- Illustrate how negative thinking patterns maintain low mood.
- Invite questions to ensure clear understanding.
Step 3
Introduce Cognitive Restructuring
10 minutes
- Distribute the Cognitive Restructuring Worksheet.
- Demonstrate identifying an automatic negative thought and constructing a balanced alternative.
- Guide the participant through 1–2 examples on their worksheet.
Step 4
Guided Mindfulness Practice
10 minutes
- Play the Mindfulness Audio Guide.
- Encourage the participant to follow breathing and body-scan instructions.
- After practice, debrief by asking about sensations, thoughts, and emotions noted.
Step 5
Develop Personalized Action Plan
15 minutes
- Provide the Personalized Action Plan Template.
- Coach the participant to set 2–3 specific, achievable behavioral goals (e.g., daily walk, social check-in).
- Discuss potential barriers and brainstorm coping strategies.
- Establish an implementation timeline and plan for follow-up.
Step 6
Wrap-Up & Next Steps
5 minutes
- Summarize key takeaways and reinforce practiced skills.
- Revisit and affirm the participant’s goals and action steps.
- Encourage regular practice and schedule any necessary follow-up or referrals.
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Slide Deck
Navigating the Darkness
60-minute individual session
Objectives:
- Practice cognitive restructuring
- Experience mindfulness techniques
- Develop a personalized action plan
Welcome the participant. Introduce yourself and the session.
Outline what we will cover and why this work matters.
Session Overview
- 10 min Establish Rapport & Goal Setting
- 10 min Psychoeducation on Depression
- 10 min Cognitive Restructuring
- 10 min Mindfulness Practice
- 15 min Action Plan Development
- 5 min Wrap-Up & Next Steps
Provide a roadmap of today’s session.
Highlight how each section builds toward concrete goals.
Establish Rapport & Goal Setting
- Conduct a brief mood check-in
- Review session objectives and set personal goals
- Reinforce confidentiality and a nonjudgmental space
Begin with a warm welcome and rapport building.
Ask how the participant is feeling today.
Co-create 1–2 personal goals for the session.
Emphasize confidentiality and a safe space.
Understanding Depression
- Common symptoms: low mood, loss of interest, fatigue
- How thoughts, emotions, and behaviors interact
- The impact of negative thinking patterns
Explain depression in clear, relatable terms.
Use a simple diagram to illustrate the thought–emotion–behavior cycle.
Invite questions and normalize common experiences.
Cognitive Restructuring
- Distribute Cognitive Restructuring Worksheet
- Identify an automatic negative thought (ANT)
- Develop a balanced alternative thought
Hand out the worksheet.
Demonstrate identifying an automatic negative thought (ANT).
Guide the participant through creating a balanced alternative.
Introduce the audio guide and help the participant set up.
After the practice, debrief by asking what they noticed in their body and mind.
Develop Your Action Plan
- Use the Personalized Action Plan Template
- Set 2–3 specific, achievable goals
- Identify barriers and coping strategies
- Establish an implementation timeline
Provide the template and explain each section.
Coach the participant to set SMART, achievable goals.
Discuss potential barriers and brainstorm coping strategies.
Wrap-Up & Next Steps
- Review key takeaways and practiced skills
- Reaffirm goals and action steps
- Encourage daily practice and reflection
- Schedule any necessary follow-up or referrals
Summarize key takeaways and reinforce the skills practiced.
Confirm the participant’s action steps and timeline.
Encourage regular practice and schedule follow-up as needed.
Worksheet
Participant Worksheet
Part 1: Mood Check-In
Mood rating (0 = lowest, 10 = highest): __________
Describe your current mood and any factors influencing it:
Part 2: Thought Record (Cognitive Restructuring)
Use the guided steps on the Cognitive Restructuring Worksheet.
Situation (what happened?):
Automatic Negative Thought (ANT):
Evidence for the ANT:
Evidence against the ANT:
Balanced Alternative Thought:
Emotion after reframing (label & rate 0–10): __________
Part 3: Mindfulness Reflection
Reflect on today’s guided practice:
What physical sensations did you notice?
What thoughts arose?
How did you respond to these thoughts/emotions?
Part 4: Action Plan Brainstorm
Based on today’s session and using the Personalized Action Plan Template, brainstorm your goals below.
Goal 1:
Potential Barriers:
Coping Strategies:
Timeline:
Goal 2:
Potential Barriers:
Coping Strategies:
Timeline:
Part 5: Summary & Next Steps
What is your main takeaway from today’s session?
How will you practice these skills this week?
Worksheet
Cognitive Restructuring Worksheet
1. Describe the Situation
What happened?
2. Automatic Negative Thought (ANT)
What immediate negative thought went through your mind?
3. Evidence Supporting the ANT
What facts or observations seem to support this thought?
4. Evidence Against the ANT
What facts or experiences contradict or weaken this thought?
5. Balanced Alternative Thought
Based on the evidence above, write a more balanced or realistic thought:
6. Emotion Rating
Rate your emotional intensity before and after reframing (0 = none, 10 = extreme):
- Before: ______ After: ______
Tips for Effective Restructuring
• Use objective evidence rather than assumptions.
• Keep alternatives realistic, not overly positive.
• Practice regularly to build new thinking habits.
Worksheet
Action Plan Template
Use this worksheet to develop a clear, SMART action plan to help you achieve your goals. Duplicate this template for each additional goal you wish to set.
Goal Name and Description
Goal Title:
Brief Description of the Goal:
SMART Criteria
Specific (What exactly will you do?):
Measurable (How will you track your progress?):
Achievable (Is this realistic given your resources?):
Relevant (Why is this goal important to you?):
Time-Bound (What is your target deadline?):
Action Steps
List the specific steps you will take to move toward your goal. Break the goal into manageable tasks.
- Step 1:
- Step 2:
- Step 3:
- (Add more steps as needed)
Potential Barriers
Identify any obstacles that might prevent you from reaching your goal.
- Barrier 1:
- Barrier 2:
- (Add more barriers as needed)
Coping Strategies
For each barrier, describe a strategy you can use to overcome it.
- Barrier 1 Strategy:
- Barrier 2 Strategy:
- (Add more strategies as needed)
Timeline & Checkpoints
Start Date: __________ End Date: __________
Checkpoint 1 (Date): __________
- Progress Notes:
Checkpoint 2 (Date): __________
- Progress Notes:
(Include additional checkpoints as needed.)
Review & Next Steps
At each checkpoint, reflect on what’s working and what needs adjustment. Use the space below to plan your next steps or revise your goal.
Reflection and Next Steps:
Script
Welcome to your guided mindfulness practice. This session will take around 10 minutes. Let’s begin.
-
Get Comfortable (30 seconds)
Sit or lie down in a quiet, comfortable position. Let your hands rest gently in your lap or by your sides. Close your eyes if that feels safe, or soften your gaze. -
Grounding & Breath (1 minute)
Bring your attention to your breath. Notice the natural rhythm—no need to change anything yet. -
Deepening the Breath (2 minutes)
– Inhale slowly through your nose for a count of four: 1…2…3…4…
– Pause for one second.
– Exhale gently through your mouth for a count of six: 1…2…3…4…5…6…
Repeat this cycle four more times. If your mind wanders, kindly guide it back to the breath. -
Body Scan (5 minutes)
Now, allow your breath to return to its natural pace. Direct your awareness to the top of your head. Notice any sensations—warmth, tension, tingling, or ease.
Slowly move your attention down to your forehead and eyes. Soften any tightness.
Next, scan your jaw, relaxing your teeth and tongue.
Shift to your neck and shoulders. If you notice tightness, imagine breathing into that area, then let it soften on the exhale.
Continue down your arms, through your chest and belly, feeling each inhale expand your ribs and each exhale release tension.
Bring awareness to your hips and lower back. Notice how they support you. Allow any stiffness to melt away with each breath.
Scan your thighs, knees, calves, and ankles. Finally, bring attention to your feet and toes. Feel the connection to the floor or chair beneath you. -
Closing & Reflection (1 minute)
Return your focus to your breath for a few more natural cycles. Gently wiggle your fingers and toes. When you’re ready, open your eyes or lift your gaze.
Take a moment to notice how you feel—calmer, more aware, or simply more present. Carry this sense of grounded attention with you into the rest of your day.
Thank you for practicing mindfulness today.
Warm Up
Mood Check-In Warm-Up
Time: 5 minutes
Materials: Pen/paper or Participant Worksheet
Purpose
Quickly gauge current emotional state to tailor today’s session and build rapport.
Instructions
-
Rate your mood right now on a scale from 0 (very low) to 10 (very high):
Mood rating: ______ -
In one sentence, describe the main factor influencing your mood at this moment:
-
Choose a single word that best captures how you feel (e.g., hopeful, anxious, tired):
-
(Optional, if time allows) Note any immediate thought or concern on your mind:
Facilitator Tip: Use the participant’s responses to tailor examples and check in on these points throughout the session.
Cool Down
Reflection Exit Ticket
1. Key Takeaway
What is one new strategy or insight you gained today?
2. Goal & First Step
Which goal will you focus on first, and what specific action will you take?
3. Confidence Rating
On a scale from 0 (not at all confident) to 10 (very confident), how confident are you in using these skills?
Rating: ______
4. Anticipated Barriers
What is one potential obstacle you might encounter, and how will you address it?
5. Practice Plan
When and where will you practice this strategy this week?
6. Questions & Support
Do you have any questions or need additional support before we finish?
Thank you for reflecting! Keep this ticket as a reminder of your commitment and next steps.
Reading
Understanding Depression Handout
What Is Depression?
Depression is more than just feeling sad. It’s a medical condition that affects your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Common symptoms include:
- Persistent low mood or irritability
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
- Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
- Low energy or fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
- Thoughts of death or suicide
If you’ve noticed several of these symptoms lasting for at least two weeks, you may be experiencing depression.
The Thought–Emotion–Behavior Cycle
Depression often follows a cycle in which unhelpful thoughts influence emotions and actions:
- Automatic Negative Thought (ANT)
You notice a negative idea (e.g., “I always mess things up”). - Emotional Response
That thought triggers feelings like sadness or anxiety. - Behavioral Reaction
You might withdraw from activities or avoid challenges. - Cycle Continues
Avoidance reinforces negative thinking and low mood.
Breaking this cycle is a key goal of our work.
Evidence-Based Strategies
Below are three proven approaches you will explore during the session. Each section of this handout includes links to practice tools.
1. Cognitive Restructuring
Cognitive restructuring helps you identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts. By examining evidence for and against an ANT, you can develop a more balanced perspective.
Practice using the Cognitive Restructuring Worksheet.
2. Mindfulness
Mindfulness involves paying attention to the present moment without judgment. Through guided breathing and body scans, you learn to observe thoughts and sensations rather than react to them.
Listen to the Mindfulness Audio Guide for a 10-minute practice.
3. Action Planning (Behavioral Activation)
Behavioral activation encourages you to reintroduce meaningful activities into your routine. Setting SMART goals—Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound—can help you move forward even when motivation is low.
Use the Action Plan Template to outline your goals, steps, and coping strategies.
How to Use This Handout
- Review the Strategies
Read through each section and consider which approaches resonate most with you. - Complete the Worksheets
Use the Participant Worksheet to check in on your mood, record your thoughts, and reflect after practice. - Practice Regularly
Consistency strengthens new habits. Schedule daily or weekly times to review your worksheets and engage in mindfulness.
Building Your Personalized Plan
At the end of our session, you will create a personalized action plan. This plan will:
- Identify 2–3 specific goals (e.g., “Go for a 15-minute walk, 3 times this week”).
- Anticipate barriers and outline coping strategies.
- Set a timeline and checkpoints to monitor progress.
You’ll develop this plan in detail using the Action Plan Template.
Where to Go from Here
Remember, managing depression is a journey. Small, consistent steps add up over time. Keep this handout and your worksheets nearby as tools you can return to whenever you need support. If questions arise or you need further guidance, revisit our session notes or reach out for additional resources.
You’re not alone—these strategies have helped many people find light in the darkness.
Rubric
Action Plan Rubric
Use this rubric to assess the completeness, clarity, and quality of the personalized action plan developed with the Action Plan Template.
| Criterion | Exemplary (4) | Proficient (3) | Developing (2) | Beginning (1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Specific & Measurable Goals | Goals are highly specific, detailed, and measurable. Clearly states what will be done, how progress will be tracked, and expected outcomes. | Goals are clear and measurable but may lack minor details about tracking or outcomes. | Goals are stated but are too broad or only partially measurable; tracking methods are vague. | Goals are vague, unspecific, or lack any measurable component. |
| 2. Achievability & Relevance | Goals are realistic given the participant’s resources and directly aligned with their needs, values, and session objectives. | Goals are generally realistic and relevant but may slightly overestimate capacity or lack a clear link to participant priorities. | Goals show limited consideration of participant resources or relevance; feasibility is unclear. | Goals are unrealistic, irrelevant, or not tied to participant needs and context. |
| 3. Barrier Identification & Coping | Anticipates multiple realistic barriers; provides specific, creative, and effective coping strategies for each obstacle. | Identifies key barriers and offers reasonable coping strategies, though strategies may lack depth or specificity. | Identifies some barriers but coping strategies are basic, incomplete, or only address one type of obstacle. | Fails to identify meaningful barriers or proposes no coping strategies. |
| 4. Timeline & Checkpoints | Includes clear start/end dates and multiple checkpoints with detailed progress notes and plans for reflection and adjustment. | Provides a timeline with dates and checkpoints, but reflection or adjustment plans are minimal. | Timeline includes only start/end dates or a single checkpoint; reflection plans are vague or missing. | Lacks a clear timeline or any plan for monitoring progress. |
Scoring Guide:
- 16–14 points: Exemplary action plan—ready for implementation without revisions.
- 13–10 points: Proficient plan—minor refinements recommended to optimize clarity or feasibility.
- 9–6 points: Developing plan—requires significant elaboration in one or more areas.
- 5–4 points: Beginning level—needs comprehensive revision in multiple criteria.
Total Score: _____ / 16