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What Makes a Hit Song?

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Lesson Plan

Hit Song Blueprint

Students will identify and apply key elements of memorable songs—melody, lyrics, and structure—using a rubric to draft an original chorus and give structured peer feedback.

Analyzing and practicing the building blocks of hit songs develops critical listening, creative expression, and collaborative skills, empowering students to craft engaging musical ideas.

Audience

6th Grade

Time

45 minutes

Approach

Guided analysis, hands-on composition, and peer review.

Prep

Prepare Materials and Technology

10 minutes

Step 1

Hook & Discussion

5 minutes

  • Play a 30-second clip of a popular, catchy song
  • Ask students: "What made that song stick in your head?"
  • Record student observations about melody, rhythm, lyrics, and structure on the board

Step 2

Explore the Anatomy of a Hit

10 minutes

  • Display Anatomy of a Hit Slide Deck
  • Walk through three core elements: memorable melody, meaningful lyrics, clear structure
  • Prompt students to note examples in familiar songs

Step 3

Compose Your Chorus

15 minutes

  • Pair up students and distribute Catchy Composition Criteria Rubric
  • In pairs, draft a 4-line chorus focusing on melody idea and a lyrical hook
  • Encourage sketching melody on staff paper or writing rhythmic syllable patterns

Step 4

Peer Feedback Jam Session

10 minutes

  • Exchange choruses with another pair along with the rubric
  • Use Peer Feedback Jam Session Activity to guide comments: what works, suggestions, two stars and a wish
  • Allow each pair 1 minute to respond and revise based on feedback

Step 5

Exit Ticket Reflection

5 minutes

  • Hand out Song Reflection Exit Ticket
  • Students write one strength and one improvement goal for their chorus
  • Collect exit tickets as students leave
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Slide Deck

Anatomy of a Hit Song

In every great song, three elements work together to make it stick:

  1. Memorable Melody
  2. Meaningful Lyrics
  3. Clear Structure

Let’s explore each in turn!

Welcome everyone! Today we’ll break down what makes a song unforgettable. Introduce the three key elements—melody, lyrics, and structure—then we’ll listen, analyze, and practice.

A melody is the sequence of notes you can’t stop humming.
• Often spans a small pitch range
• Uses repetition and variation
• Hooks your memory

Explain how melodies comprise pitch patterns that your brain recalls. Cue the audio clip and ask students to hum or whistle the tune after listening.

Element 2: Meaningful Lyrics

Lyrics give a song its message and emotion:
• Use strong imagery or storytelling
• Include a catchy hook or phrase
• Connect personally with listeners

Example (excerpt):
“Don’t stop believin’
Hold on to that feelin’” — Journey

Display the printed lyrics excerpt. Read aloud with emphasis on the hook. Ask: What feeling or image does this lyric evoke?

Element 3: Clear Structure

Structure organizes musical ideas and guides the listener:
• Common forms: Verse – Chorus – Verse – Chorus – Bridge – Chorus
• Chorus is the emotional/high point
• Verses develop story and variation

Draw or project a simple diagram of Verse–Chorus–Verse–Chorus–Bridge–Chorus. Explain how structure builds familiarity and anticipation.

Putting It All Together

Memorable songs combine:

  1. A hooky melody
  2. Lyrics that resonate
  3. A familiar roadmap

When you write, aim to balance all three.

Recap all three elements and field quick questions. Prepare students to identify these in a full song clip.

As you listen, jot down:
• A melodic phrase you remember
• A lyric line that stands out
• How the song moves between sections

Play this short clip and instruct students to note examples of melody, lyrics, and structure. After listening, discuss observations.

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Rubric

Catchy Composition Criteria Rubric

Use this rubric to guide your chorus writing and peer feedback. Circle the score that best describes each element of the chorus you’re evaluating.

Scoring Guide

4 – Excellent: Exceeds expectations with memorable, polished elements.
3 – Good: Meets expectations with clear, effective elements.
2 – Developing: Shows some elements but needs improvement.
1 – Beginning: Lacks clear elements; requires major revision.

Criteria4 – Excellent3 – Good2 – Developing1 – Beginning
Melody• Instantly hooky and memorable
• Uses repetition & variation effectively
• Balanced pitch range
• Clear and singable
• Some repetition or variation
• Pitch range is okay
• Basic tune with minimal variation
• May feel choppy or flat
• No clear melody
• Hard to follow
• Lacks repetition
Lyrics• Vivid imagery or story
• Strong, concise hook
• Consistent rhyme/meter
• Good imagery or message
• Clear hook
• Mostly consistent rhyme/meter
• Simple message
• Hook present but weak
• Uneven meter
• Vague or off-topic
• No hook
• No rhyme or meter
Structure• Chorus stands out as emotional high point
• Transitions flow naturally
• Follows a clear form
• Chorus and verses identifiable
• Transitions mostly smooth
• Structure clear
• Basic chorus–verse pattern
• Transitions abrupt
• No recognizable form
• Sections unclear or missing

How to Use

  1. After drafting your chorus, rate each criterion for your own work.
    2. Swap with a peer and use this same rubric to give structured feedback.
    3. Discuss scores and revise your chorus based on comments.

Ready to craft your hit? Let’s get composing!





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Activity

Peer Feedback Jam Session

Use this quick, structured protocol to share your chorus drafts and give each other clear, actionable feedback. Each pair will become a feedback team—one Presenter and one Listener—then switch roles.

Setup

  • Form feedback groups by pairing two pairs (4 students). Within each group, label yourselves A and B.
  • Prepare your drafted 4-line chorus and a copy of the Catchy Composition Criteria Rubric.

Roles & Timing (Total: 10 minutes)

  1. Round 1 (5 minutes)
    • A1 & A2 are Presenters; B1 & B2 are Listeners.
    • Presenters (2 minutes):
      • Read or sing your chorus aloud once.
      • Share your own self-assessment: which rubric scores felt strongest?
    • Listeners (3 minutes):
      • Use the rubric to circle scores for Melody, Lyrics, and Structure.
      • Offer Two Stars and a Wish:
      • ⭐ Star 1: A melodic or lyrical strength
      • ⭐ Star 2: Another standout element
      • 💭 Wish: One clear suggestion for improvement
  2. Switch (1 minute)
    • Rotate roles: B1 & B2 become Presenters; A1 & A2 become Listeners.
  3. Round 2 (4 minutes)
    • Repeat present-and-feedback steps for the second pair.

Guiding Questions

  • Melody: Which phrase sticks in your memory? Is the pitch range comfortable?
  • Lyrics: Does the hook feel vivid and relatable? Do the words flow naturally?
  • Structure: Does the chorus stand out as the emotional high point? Are transitions smooth?

After Feedback

  • Presenters take 1 minute to revise their chorus based on the feedback.
  • Note any rubric score changes or revisions on your draft.



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Cool Down

Song Reflection Exit Ticket

Please complete the following before you leave:

  1. Write one strength of your chorus. What makes this part work?



  1. Write one improvement goal for your chorus. What will you revise next time?



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