Lesson Plan
Pathways Debate Guide
Students will analyze and debate the benefits and drawbacks of traditional college versus alternative post-secondary pathways through research, structured argumentation, and reflection to make informed future decisions.
This lesson empowers students to critically evaluate diverse post-secondary options, develop persuasive communication skills, and gain confidence in making future-oriented choices about their career and life paths.
Audience
11th Grade Students
Time
60 minutes
Approach
Structured debate and reflection
Materials
Prep
Teacher Preparation
10 minutes
- Review the Pathways Debate Guide in detail to understand objectives and structure
- Preview the Pros & Cons Matrix slide deck and ensure access for students
- Familiarize yourself with the True/False Poll question and polling tool setup
- Prepare grouping strategy and assign or have students draw roles
- Print or upload all materials to your LMS for student access
Step 1
Warm-Up
5 minutes
- Launch the True/False Poll asking: “College is the only path to success: True or False?”
- Students respond individually via polling tool or raise hands
- Display results and facilitate a brief discussion clarifying initial misconceptions
Step 2
Introduction to Debate
10 minutes
- Share lesson objective and outcomes
- Present the Pros & Cons Matrix slide deck, explaining how to use it to organize ideas
- Review debate structure and roles outlined in the Pathways Debate Guide
Step 3
Group Research & Prep
15 minutes
- Divide students into two teams: Traditional College vs Alternative Pathways
- Teams use the matrix and any additional resources to list at least three supporting arguments
- Each team crafts opening statements and potential rebuttals, assigning speakers for each role
Step 4
Structured Debate
20 minutes
- Follow the Structured Debate Guidelines:
- Opening statements (2 minutes per side)
- First rebuttals (2 minutes per side)
- Audience Q&A (5 minutes; audience poses questions to teams)
- Closing remarks (2 minutes per side)
- Encourage respectful discourse, active listening, and note-taking by the audience
Step 5
Cool-Down & Reflection
10 minutes
- Distribute the Exit Reflection Prompts for individual written responses
- Invite volunteers to share key insights or surprises from the debate
- Summarize takeaways and emphasize how this exploration informs their post-secondary decision-making
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Slide Deck
Pros & Cons Matrix
Use this matrix to organize your team’s arguments. Fill in at least three pros and cons for each post-secondary option. Refer back to it during debate prep.
Introduce the purpose of this slide deck: a visual tool to help students systematically compare traditional college and alternative pathways. Emphasize that a clear matrix leads to stronger debate arguments.
How to Use This Matrix
- Label each column: Traditional College, Alternative Pathways
- Brainstorm and list at least three Pros under each option
- Brainstorm and list at least three Cons under each option
- Support each point with facts, statistics, or real-world examples
Explain each step of using the matrix before showing the template. Encourage teams to collaborate and designate a recorder for the matrix.
Matrix Template
Traditional College
Pros:
Cons:
Alternative Pathways
Pros:
Cons:
Display the blank template. Give students a few moments to think aloud and ask clarifying questions.
Example: Traditional College
Pros:
- Access to campus resources, networking, and internships
- Exposure to a broad curriculum that builds critical thinking
- Higher average lifetime earnings compared to only a high school diploma
Cons:
- High tuition costs leading to student debt
- Four-year commitment may delay workforce entry
- Not all degrees guarantee job placement
Walk through the examples to model depth and specificity. Highlight how evidence strengthens each point.
Example: Alternative Pathways
Pros:
- Lower or no tuition costs for trade schools or certifications
- Faster entry into the workforce (often within months)
- Hands-on training tailored to specific industries
Cons:
- Fewer broad academic learning opportunities
- Some fields require a degree for advancement
- Potential for lower lifetime earnings in some trades
Continue modeling with alternative pathways and contrast against college. Show equal depth in examples.
Tips for Gathering Evidence
• Use reputable sources: government data, industry reports, college websites
• Compare costs: tuition, fees, living expenses
• Look for job placement and average salary statistics
• Include personal stories or interviews when possible
Provide practical advice on research and citing sources. Encourage teams to assign research roles.
Next Steps
• Complete your matrix during the research phase
• Use your matrix to draft opening statements and rebuttals
• Share your filled matrix with your team and the class
• Refer back to key points during the structured debate
Preview how this completed matrix will feed into the debate. Remind students to submit or display their matrices during group prep.
Warm Up
True/False Poll
Question: College is the only path to success: True or False?
Instructions for Teacher:
- Launch this poll at the very start of class via your preferred polling tool (or simply ask for a show of hands).
- Give students 30–60 seconds to respond.
- Display or tally the results in real time.
- Facilitate a brief 2–3 minute discussion:
- Ask volunteers to explain why they chose “True” or “False.”
- Highlight any surprising results or misconceptions.
- Emphasize that today’s debate will explore multiple pathways to success beyond just traditional college.
This quick pulse-check activates prior beliefs and primes students for the upcoming discussion and debate on post-secondary options.
Discussion
Structured Debate Guidelines
Overview
In this debate, two teams (Traditional College vs Alternative Pathways) will present arguments, rebuttals, and closing statements. Audience members will listen actively and participate in Q&A.
Roles & Responsibilities
Opening Speaker
- Present your team’s thesis and top 3 supporting arguments
- Time: 2 minutes per side
Rebuttal Speaker
- Address key points from the opposing team
- Offer evidence or logic to refute their arguments
- Time: 2 minutes per side
Closing Speaker
- Summarize your team’s strongest points
- Highlight any unresolved weaknesses in the opposition’s case
- Time: 2 minutes per side
Audience Member
- Take notes on each team’s claims and supporting evidence
- Prepare 1–2 clarifying or challenging questions for the Q&A segment
Debate Flow & Time Allocation
-
Opening Statements (4 minutes total)
- Traditional College (2 min)
- Alternative Pathways (2 min)
-
First Rebuttals (4 minutes total)
- Alternative Pathways rebuttal (2 min)
- Traditional College rebuttal (2 min)
-
Audience Q&A (5 minutes)
- Audience members ask questions to either team
- Team representatives respond briefly (30–45 seconds per answer)
-
Closing Remarks (4 minutes total)
- Traditional College (2 min)
- Alternative Pathways (2 min)
Debate Etiquette & Tips
- Be Respectful: No interruptions. Wait for the speaker to finish before responding.
- Use Evidence: Cite facts, statistics, or examples from your research.
- Stay On Topic: Focus on post-secondary pathways rather than personal opinions.
- Active Listening: Jot down opposing points to address during your turn.
Post-Debate Reflection
After the debate, use the Exit Reflection Prompts to record your thoughts on strengths, new insights, and how this discussion shapes your future path.
Good luck, and may the best arguments win!
Cool Down
Exit Reflection Prompts
Thank you for engaging in today’s debate. Please respond to the following prompts thoughtfully:
-
Key Takeaways:
What are the three most important insights you gained about traditional college and alternative pathways? -
Surprises & Challenges:
Which argument or fact surprised you the most, and why? How did it challenge your previous beliefs? -
Personal Relevance:
After hearing both sides, which pathway (traditional college or an alternative route) do you feel more inclined to explore, and what factors influence your choice? -
Next Steps for Planning:
How will you use what you learned today to inform your upcoming post-secondary planning or goal-setting? Identify one concrete action you will take this week.
Take a moment to review your responses. Be prepared to share any final reflections or action steps with the class.