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How Does Sculpture Fool Your Eye?

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Lesson Plan

Illusionary Sculptures

Students will learn about optical illusions and perspective in 3D art, and apply this understanding to create their own sculptures that manipulate perception.

Understanding how art can 'trick the eye' develops critical thinking skills, encourages creative problem-solving, and helps students appreciate the interplay between art, science, and perception.

Audience

Middle School Students

Time

2 sessions (45-60 minutes each)

Approach

Hands-on exploration and creation.

Materials

Whiteboard or projector, Tricks of the Eye Slide Deck, Various art materials (cardboard, wire, clay, paper, fabric, recycled materials), Sculpting tools (scissors, glue, tape, rulers), Forced Perspective Photo Booth Activity Guide, and Is It Flat or 3D? Game Instructions

Prep

Teacher Preparation

30 minutes

Step 1

Introduction to Optical Illusions (Session 1)

15 minutes

  • Begin with a warm-up question: "What is an optical illusion?"
    - Use the Tricks of the Eye Slide Deck to introduce different types of optical illusions and how our brains interpret visual information.
    - Discuss examples of optical illusions in famous artworks and everyday life.
    - Prompt students to share their own experiences with optical illusions.

Step 2

Exploring Perspective in Sculpture (Session 1)

20 minutes

  • Continue with the Tricks of the Eye Slide Deck to explain how sculptors use perspective to create depth and illusion.
    - Show examples of sculptures that utilize forced perspective or other visual tricks.
    - Lead a brief discussion on how manipulating perspective can change how we perceive a 3D object.

Step 3

Sculpture Planning & Design (Session 1)

20 minutes

  • Introduce the project: Students will design and create a sculpture that incorporates an optical illusion or forced perspective.
    - Guide students through brainstorming ideas, sketching initial designs, and selecting appropriate materials.
    - Circulate and provide feedback as students begin to plan their sculptures.

Step 4

Sculpture Creation (Session 2)

40 minutes

  • Students will continue to build and refine their illusionary sculptures.
    - Encourage experimentation with materials and techniques to achieve their desired visual effect.
    - Offer individual guidance and support, addressing any challenges students encounter.
    - Remind students to consider the viewing angle for their illusion.

Step 5

Forced Perspective Photo Booth (Session 2)

15 minutes

  • Students will take turns showcasing their sculptures in the Forced Perspective Photo Booth Activity Guide.
    - Explain how to use the booth to capture photos that enhance the illusion created by their sculptures.
    - Encourage students to creatively pose with their artwork to emphasize the optical trick.

Step 6

Is It Flat or 3D? Game & Reflection (Session 2)

10 minutes

  • Conclude the lesson with the Is It Flat or 3D? Game Instructions as a fun assessment.
    - Facilitate a class discussion where students share their sculptures, explain the illusion, and reflect on what they learned about perception and 3D art.
    - Ask students: "How did creating your sculpture change your understanding of how we 'see' things?"
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Slide Deck

Seeing Isn't Always Believing!

Have you ever seen something that made you do a double-take? Today we're going to explore how art can fool your eyes!

Welcome students and get them ready to think about how their eyes can play tricks on them. Ask if anyone has seen an optical illusion before.

What's an Optical Illusion?

An optical illusion is something that tricks your eyes and brain into seeing something that isn't really there, or seeing something differently than it is.

It's like a magic trick for your vision!

Explain what an optical illusion is using simple language. Show a few classic examples (e.g., vase/faces, old/young woman).

How Our Brains 'See'

Your eyes gather information, but your brain interprets it.
Sometimes, your brain tries to create a whole picture from just a few clues.
This is how illusions work – they challenge our brain's usual shortcuts!

Introduce the concept of perception. Explain that our brains try to make sense of what our eyes see, sometimes filling in gaps or making assumptions.

Illusions in 3D Art

Artists, especially sculptors, can use these same tricks to make you see things differently.
They play with depth, angle, and perspective to create amazing illusions!

Transition to how these concepts apply to 3D art. Introduce the idea that artists can intentionally manipulate how we see their work.

Forced Perspective: Big or Small?

Forced perspective is a trick that makes objects appear closer or further away, or larger or smaller, than they actually are.
It depends entirely on where you are standing when you look!

Explain forced perspective. Give a well-known example like holding up the Leaning Tower of Pisa or the 'tiny person' photos.

Sculpting with a Twist!

Some sculptures look totally different from various angles.
What looks like a random pile of objects from one side, might be a perfect face from another!

Show an example of a sculpture that uses forced perspective, perhaps a famous one or a simpler one students can grasp.

Anamorphic Art

Anamorphic art is a distorted image that appears normal when viewed from a specific angle or with a special mirror.
It's all about finding the 'sweet spot'!

Briefly discuss anamorphic art as another example of visual trickery in 3D. Emphasize the specific viewing point.

The Power of Negative Space

Negative space is the empty space around and between the objects in an artwork.
Sometimes, this empty space can form an entirely new image or illusion!

Explain negative space and how it can be used to create illusions.

Movement & Illusion

Some sculptures even use movement to create illusions.
As you walk around them, they seem to change shape or reveal hidden images.

Introduce the concept of movement and how it can create an illusion of changing form. Mention kinetic art if appropriate for the grade level.

Your Turn to Trick the Eye!

Now that we've seen how artists play with perception, it's your turn!
You'll create your own sculpture that uses an optical illusion or forced perspective.
Think: How can your sculpture fool someone's eye?

Briefly introduce the upcoming sculpture project and get students excited about creating their own illusions.

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Activity

Forced Perspective Photo Booth: Capture the Illusion!

Objective

To create compelling photographs of your illusionary sculptures that utilize forced perspective and enhance the optical illusion.

Materials

  • Your finished illusionary sculpture(s)
  • A camera (phone, tablet, or digital camera)
  • A backdrop (plain wall, sheet, or large piece of paper)
  • Optional props: small objects, large objects, other students to interact with the sculpture

Instructions

  1. Set Up Your Booth: Designate a clear area in the classroom as the "Photo Booth." Ensure good lighting and a simple, uncluttered backdrop.

  2. Position Your Sculpture: Place your sculpture in the booth. Think about the angle from which your illusion is most effective. This is your primary viewing angle.

  3. Experiment with Distance and Angle:

    • Small Appearances: If you want your sculpture to look tiny, place it far away from the camera and have someone stand much closer.
    • Giant Appearances: If you want your sculpture to look huge, place it close to the camera and have someone stand far behind it.
    • Align and Overlap: The key is to carefully align the viewer (or other objects/people) with your sculpture from the camera's perspective.
  4. Use Props and People:

    • Have a classmate stand or pose with your sculpture. Can they pretend to hold it, push it over, or be dwarfed by it?
    • Incorporate other objects to help sell the illusion. A small toy car next to a sculpture that looks giant, for example.
  5. Take Multiple Shots: Take many pictures from slightly different angles and distances. What looks right in person might not look right through the camera lens. Adjust until you find the perfect shot that captures your illusion!

  6. Review and Select: Look through your photos. Which ones best showcase the optical illusion or forced perspective you created? Choose your favorite shot(s).

Reflection Questions

  • What was challenging about getting the perfect forced perspective shot?


  • How did taking a picture change how you saw your own sculpture?


  • What tips would you give to another artist trying to create a forced perspective photo?


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Game

Is It Flat or 3D? The Illusion Game!

Objective

To identify and explain optical illusions in 2D and 3D art, reinforcing understanding of perspective and perception.

Materials

  • Student-created illusionary sculptures
  • Previously shown images of optical illusions (from slide deck or printed)
  • Optional: Whiteboard or projector to display images

Instructions

  1. Divide into Teams: Divide the class into 2-3 small teams. Give each team a whiteboard or a piece of paper.

  2. Round 1: Teacher's Illusions (2D & 3D)

    • The teacher will display an image of a 2D optical illusion or a photo of a famous 3D illusionary sculpture (not the students' work).
    • Each team discusses for 30 seconds: "Is this flat or 3D? What is the illusion? How does it fool our eye?"
    • Teams write down their answer and a brief explanation.
    • The teacher reveals the answer and the explanation. Teams get points for correct identification and insightful explanations.
  3. Round 2: Student Sculpture Showcase

    • Students will bring their own illusionary sculptures to the front, one by one, or in small groups.
    • The presenting student explains the illusion they created in their sculpture.
    • The other teams discuss: "How does this sculpture fool your eye? What perspective tricks are being used?"
    • Teams write down their observations and explanations. Points awarded for accurate analysis.
  4. Round 3: The 'Sweet Spot' Challenge

    • Present several images or actual objects that use forced perspective or anamorphic art, but show them from a non-optimal viewing angle first.
    • Challenge teams to guess what the object/image is really showing and from what angle it would make sense. (e.g., a distorted image that becomes clear when you look at it from the side).
    • Reveal the
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