Lesson Plan
Focus and Flow PD
Equip K-12 teachers with evidence-based Tier 1 strategies to support students with ADHD and sensory needs, enabling immediate classroom implementation of accommodations, sensory tools, and inclusive practices.
Many students with ADHD and sensory processing differences struggle to self-regulate and focus. Providing teachers with practical, research-backed strategies at Tier 1 ensures equitable access, boosts engagement, and reduces behavior incidents for all learners.
Audience
K-12 Teachers (Tier 1 Classroom)
Time
90 minutes
Approach
Interactive PD combining mini-lectures, hands-on tools, and collaborative planning.
Prep
Facilitator Preparation
30 minutes
- Review the Focus and Flow Presentation Slides and familiarize yourself with key points.
- Print or digitally share the ADHD & Sensory Strategies Handout for each participant.
- Assemble a variety of sensory tools (e.g., fidget toys, noise-canceling headphones) matching items in the Sensory Tools Catalog.
- Pre-assign participants into small groups of 3–4 for case study breakout.
- Ensure all digital links to materials work in your LMS or shared drive.
Step 1
Welcome & Objectives
10 minutes
- Greet participants and share session goals.
- Display objectives from slide 2 of Focus and Flow Presentation Slides.
- Quick round-robin: teachers name one success and one challenge when supporting ADHD/sensory needs.
Step 2
Sensory Check-In Icebreaker
10 minutes
- Pass around mixed sensory items from the Sensory Tools Catalog.
- Ask participants to choose one tool that resonates, test it for 30 seconds, and share why it felt calming or engaging.
- Debrief: relate personal experience to student needs.
Step 3
Mini-Lecture: ADHD & Sensory Needs
15 minutes
- Present key ADHD characteristics and sensory processing differences (slides 3–8).
- Highlight research on attention, executive function, and self-regulation strategies.
- Distribute ADHD & Sensory Strategies Handout for reference.
- Q&A to clarify Tier 1 accommodations versus higher-tier supports.
Step 4
Gallery Walk: Accommodations & Tools
15 minutes
- Post stations around the room each featuring an accommodation or tool (e.g., flexible seating, visual schedules, fidgets).
- Stations include descriptions and photos from the ADHD & Sensory Strategies Handout.
- Participants rotate every 3 minutes, jotting down classroom implementation ideas.
Step 5
Case Study Breakouts
20 minutes
- Split into pre-assigned groups; distribute one scenario from Case Study Scenarios per group.
- Task: Identify student profile, propose 3 Tier 1 strategies/tools, and predict outcomes.
- Facilitator circulates to guide discussions and prompt deeper reflection.
Step 6
Action Planning & Reflection
15 minutes
- Hand out Teacher Reflection & Action Planning Worksheet.
- Individually, teachers select one strategy/tool and draft an implementation plan (who, what, when, how).
- Pair-share plans and give peer feedback on feasibility and alignment with classroom context.
Step 7
Wrap-Up & Assessment
5 minutes
- Invite a few volunteers to share action plans aloud.
- Collect the completed worksheets as an exit ticket to assess understanding.
- Summarize key takeaways, provide links to digital resource folder, and encourage ongoing collaboration.
Slide Deck
Focus and Flow: Supporting Students with ADHD & Sensory Needs
90-minute Tier 1 PD for K-12 teachers
• Evidence-based strategies
• Hands-on sensory tools
• Collaborative planning
Welcome participants and introduce yourself. Emphasize the importance of proactive Tier 1 supports for all learners. Briefly review session flow.
Session Objectives
By the end of this session, you will be able to:
- Describe key ADHD characteristics and sensory processing differences
- Identify practical Tier 1 classroom supports
- Explore sensory tools and inclusive strategies
- Draft an actionable plan for your classroom
Read aloud the objectives and invite nods of agreement. Remind teachers these goals guide every activity today.
Agenda
• Welcome & Objectives (10 min)
• Sensory Check-In Icebreaker (10 min)
• Mini-Lecture: ADHD & Sensory Needs (15 min)
• Gallery Walk: Accommodations & Tools (15 min)
• Case Study Breakouts (20 min)
• Action Planning & Reflection (15 min)
• Wrap-Up & Assessment (5 min)
Quickly run through the agenda so participants know what to expect and can pace themselves.
Understanding ADHD
• Neurodevelopmental condition with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
• Prevalence: ~6–10% of K-12 learners
• Common challenges: off-task behavior, difficulty with transitions, executive function demands
Define ADHD and share prevalence (5–10% of school-age children). Highlight variability across students.
Sensory Needs in the Classroom
• Sensory processing: how students perceive touch, sound, movement, sight
• Over-responsivity: overwhelmed by ordinary stimuli
• Under-responsivity: crave extra input to stay alert
• Impact on attention, behavior, and engagement
Introduce sensory processing: how the nervous system registers and responds to input. Relate to self-regulation.
Why It Matters: Research Insights
• Tier 1 supports boost engagement for all learners (Smith et al., 2020)
• Sensory tools reduce off-task behavior by 25% (Jones & Lee, 2019)
• Visual routines and breaks enhance executive function (Nguyen et al., 2021)
Cite 2–3 key studies linking sensory/Tier 1 supports to improved focus and reduced disruptions.
Tier 1 Strategies at a Glance
• Flexible seating & movement breaks
• Visual schedules & clear routines
• Sensory tools (fidgets, noise-canceling headphones)
• Chunked instructions & check-ins
• Classroom layout to minimize distractions
Frame these as Tier 1 universal strategies. Distinguish from small-group or individualized interventions.
Strategy Examples
Flexible Seating → wobble stools, yoga balls
Movement Breaks → brain & stretch breaks every 15 min
Visual Supports → color-coded schedules, checklists
Fidget Tools → stress balls, textured bands
Offer concrete examples. Encourage participants to visualize student use.
Gallery Walk Instructions
- Six stations set up around the room
- Each shows an accommodation or tool from the ADHD & Sensory Strategies Handout
- Rotate every 3 minutes
- Jot ideas for implementation in your classroom
Explain flow: participants circulate, review handout images, record ideas on worksheet.
Case Study Breakouts
• Pre-assigned groups of 3–4
• Each group receives one scenario from Case Study Scenarios
• Tasks:
– Identify student profile & needs
– Propose 3 Tier 1 strategies/tools
– Predict potential outcomes
Describe roles: facilitator observes, participants problem-solve.
Action Planning & Reflection
• Use the Teacher Reflection & Action Planning Worksheet
• Individually select one strategy/tool
• Draft: Who, What, When, How
• Pair-share and refine with peer feedback
Encourage honest reflection. Remind that this is confidential exit-ticket data.
Wrap-Up & Next Steps
• Volunteers share action plans
• Collect worksheets as exit tickets
• Access digital resources:
– ADHD & Sensory Strategies Handout
– Sensory Tools Catalog
– Case Study Scenarios
– Teacher Reflection & Action Planning Worksheet
• Encourage ongoing support network
Invite volunteers to share one key takeaway. Provide links and invite post-PD collaboration.
Worksheet
Teacher Reflection & Action Planning Worksheet
Part A: Reflect on Your Current Practice
-
Describe two strategies or supports you currently use to support students with ADHD/sensory needs. What works well? What challenges remain?
-
Identify one classroom scenario or student behavior that you find most challenging when implementing supports.
Part B: Select a Tier 1 Strategy or Sensory Tool
- Choose one strategy/tool from the ADHD & Sensory Strategies Handout or the Sensory Tools Catalog:
a. Name of strategy/tool:
b. Why is this a good fit for your classroom context?
Part C: Action Plan
Outline the steps to implement your chosen strategy/tool:
-
Who will be involved or support implementation?
-
What specific actions will you take?
-
When will each step occur? (Timeline or schedule)
-
How will you prepare resources, materials, or modifications?
-
How will you monitor progress and measure success?
Part D: Peer Feedback
- Summary of key feedback from a colleague on your plan:
Part E: Commitment Statement
- Write one sentence that captures your commitment to implement this strategy/tool in your classroom:
Reading
ADHD & Sensory Strategies Handout
This handout summarizes key Tier 1 strategies and sensory supports to help every student stay focused, self-regulate, and thrive in your K-12 classroom. Use these ideas alongside the Focus and Flow Presentation Slides and explore tools in the Sensory Tools Catalog.
1. Universal Classroom Accommodations
Flexible Seating
• What: Options like wobble stools, yoga balls, standing desks, cushions.
• Why: Allows students to adjust posture and movement needs without leaving the learning area.
• Tip: Label seating choices clearly and rotate options so students can find what works best.
Movement Breaks
• What: Short, structured brain breaks every 10–15 minutes (stretching, quick walks, wall presses).
• Why: Provides sensory input and re-energizes attention.
• Tip: Integrate academic content into breaks (e.g., math jump-counts) to reinforce learning.
Visual Supports & Routines
• What: Color-coded schedules, step-by-step checklists, visual timers.
• Why: Reduces anxiety and clarifies expectations for transitions and multi-step tasks.
• Tip: Post visuals at student eye-level and review them daily as a class.
Chunked Instructions & Check-Ins
• What: Break tasks into small steps and pause for comprehension or self-assessment prompts.
• Why: Supports executive function and prevents overwhelm.
• Tip: Use quick thumbs-up/thumbs-down signals to gauge understanding before moving on.
2. Sensory Tool Strategies
| Tool | Purpose | Implementation Tip |
|---|---|---|
| Fidget toys (stress balls) | Tactile input | Offer one per student, stored in a labeled bin. |
| Noise-canceling headphones | Auditory regulation | Use during independent work or tests. |
| Weighted lap pads or vests | Proprioceptive input | Rotate use; monitor for comfort and over-reliance. |
| Chewy necklaces or pencil toppers | Oral sensory support | Check for safety; encourage brief use periods. |
| Visual timers | Time management | Display countdowns for tasks and transitions. |
“Matching the right tool to a student’s sensory profile can reduce off-task behaviors by up to 25%.” – Jones & Lee (2019)
3. Implementation Tips
- Collaborate with students: Invite them to trial tools and give feedback on what helps.
- Set clear expectations: Teach proper use and storage of each tool.
- Monitor & adjust: Observe for signs of over- or under-stimulation and tweak as needed.
- Communicate with families: Share successful strategies and invite home-school consistency.
4. Next Steps & Resources
• Visit the Sensory Tools Catalog for product ideas and sourcing links.
• Practice applying strategies in the Case Study Scenarios session.
• Draft your personalized plan in the Teacher Reflection & Action Planning Worksheet.
• Continue the conversation and share success stories in your PD follow-up community.
Reading
Sensory Tools Catalog
This catalog offers a curated list of sensory tools to support students with ADHD and sensory processing needs. Use this guide to select, source, and implement tools that promote focus, self-regulation, and engagement in your K-12 classroom.
How to Use This Catalog
- Review each category to match tools with individual student profiles.
- Compare price ranges and consider budget-friendly options.
- Pilot tools with students and gather feedback on comfort and effectiveness.
- Rotate and sanitize items regularly to maintain novelty and hygiene.
1. Tactile Tools
| Tool | Description | Price Range | Usage Suggestions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stress Balls | Soft, squeezable balls that provide repetitive input. | $5 – $12 | Offer during independent work; limit to one per student. |
| Textured Fidget Strips | Adhesive strips with bumps or ridges for exploration. | $8 – $15 | Stick along desk edges; allow discreet fingertip tracing. |
| Therapy Putty | Moldable dough of varying resistance levels. | $6 – $14 | Provide small portions for finger exercises during breaks. |
2. Auditory Regulation Tools
| Tool | Description | Price Range | Usage Suggestions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Noise-Canceling Headphones | Over-ear headphones that block ambient noise. | $20 – $50 | Use during tests or independent tasks requiring deep focus. |
| White Noise Machine | Generates consistent ambient sounds (e.g., rain). | $25 – $40 | Place at a central location; set volume at a low, steady level. |
| Silent Fidget Spinner | Bearings-based spinner designed for quiet rotation. | $5 – $10 | Permit during transitions or seat-work as needed. |
3. Proprioceptive Support Tools
| Tool | Description | Price Range | Usage Suggestions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted Lap Pad | Evenly distributed weight across lap for calming. | $30 – $60 | Use during seated activities; limit sessions to 10–15 minutes. |
| Body Sock | Stretchy lycra sack offering deep pressure input. | $70 – $120 | Ideal for short calming breaks in a quiet corner. |
| Push/Pull Bands | Elastic bands for foot-or hand-powered movement. | $10 – $20 | Attach under desk for leg pushes; burn off excess energy. |
4. Vestibular Movement Tools
| Tool | Description | Price Range | Usage Suggestions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balance Disc | Inflatable cushion for wobbly seating. | $15 – $30 | Place on chair to engage core muscles and improve alertness. |
| Wobble Board | Rocking platform that shifts weight in multiple directions. | $35 – $70 | Use during circle time or quick brain breaks (2–3 minutes). |
| Mini Trampoline | Low‐profile rebounder for safe jumping. | $50 – $100 | Supervise brief jumping breaks; reinforce turn-taking rules. |
5. Oral Motor Tools
| Tool | Description | Price Range | Usage Suggestions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chewy Necklace | Wearable silicone pendant for safe chewing. | $8 – $18 | Encourage during reading or independent desk work. |
| Chewelry Pencil Topper | Soft chewable cover fitting over pencil ends. | $5 – $12 | Use discreetly during writing tasks to support focus. |
6. Visual Supports
| Tool | Description | Price Range | Usage Suggestions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visual Timer | Digital countdown clock with color-changing display. | $15 – $30 | Cue transitions, time-boxed tasks, and movement breaks. |
| Lava Lamp or Glitter Jar | Soothing visual motion for settling attention. | $10 – $25 | Place on a shelf for self-regulated calm-down corner. |
7. Multi-Sensory Stations
Create a corner or portable kit combining several tools. Rotate items weekly to sustain novelty. Include:
- A tactile bin (putty, fidgets)
- Headphones or white noise device
- A small balance disc or push/pull band
- Visual timer
- Chewy necklace or pencil topper
Ordering & Budget Tips
- Bulk Discounts: Many vendors offer discounts when buying classroom sets of 10+.
- Trial Kits: Start with one of each tool to identify effective options before large purchases.
- DIY Alternatives: Homemade stress balls (balloons + rice) or glitter jars can be cost-effective.
- Grants & PTA Support: Seek small grants or parent-teacher association funds for initial investments.
For more examples and sourcing links, revisit the ADHD & Sensory Strategies Handout and apply tools in the Case Study Scenarios.
Reading
Case Study Scenarios
Use these three scenarios during your breakout discussion. Each group should:
- Identify the student’s profile and primary challenges.
- Propose three Tier 1 strategies or sensory tools from the ADHD & Sensory Strategies Handout and the Sensory Tools Catalog.
- Predict expected outcomes once supports are in place.
Scenario 1: “Maya,” 3rd Grade (Inattentive ADHD + Under-Responsivity)
Background
• Maya is an 8-year-old in a general education 3rd grade class.
• She often appears daydreamy, misses verbal instructions, and rarely raises her hand.
• Her teacher notices she needs frequent prompts to stay on task and turn in assignments.
Behaviors & Challenges
• Slow to start independent work and drifts between tasks.
• Fidgets under her desk but seems unmoved by typical fidgets (stress balls).
• Struggles to maintain volume control and frequently whispers answers.
Considerations
• Maya may need extra sensory input to boost alertness.
• Visual reminders could reduce missed instructions.
• Tasks should be broken into smaller steps with check-ins.
Scenario 2: “Jordan,” 5th Grade (Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD + Over-Responsivity)
Background
• Jordan is an energetic 10-year-old in 5th grade.
• He excels at hands-on science but becomes overwhelmed in loud, crowded settings.
• He’s been asked to step out of line multiple times for excessive noise and movement.
Behaviors & Challenges
• Leaves seat frequently without permission, especially during whole-class lessons.
• Covers ears and appears agitated when classmates speak loudly or bells ring.
• Has difficulty waiting his turn in partner activities and blurts out answers.
Considerations
• Jordan benefits from safe outlets for movement but is easily overstimulated.
• He may need auditory breaks and a predictable routine.
• Social-emotional support around impulse control could help.
Scenario 3: “Sofia,” 2nd Grade (Combined-Type ADHD + Sensory Seeking)
Background
• Sofia is a bright 7-year-old who loves art and storytelling.
• She frequently chews on pencils, taps her feet, and seeks close contact with peers.
• During transitions, she runs in the hallway and collides with lockers.
Behaviors & Challenges
• Distracts classmates by drumming fingers on tables.
• Seeks deep pressure and crash activities to feel regulated.
• Resists sitting still during read-aloud time but concentrates well while drawing.
Considerations
• Sofia thrives on proprioceptive input but needs clear boundaries.
• Movement breaks alone may not satisfy her sensory craving.
• Visual schedules could ease anxiety around transitions.
Next Steps
Once your group has discussed the scenario, record your ideas on flip-chart paper or a shared digital document. Be prepared to share:
- A brief summary of the student’s needs
- Three Tier 1 supports or sensory tools you recommend
- Expected benefits and how you will measure success
Then rotate or debrief as a whole group to compare insights and refine your action plans.
Warm Up
Sensory Check-In Icebreaker
Purpose: Warm up participants’ awareness of sensory tools and build personal connection to student needs.
Materials Needed: A small handful of different sensory items (e.g., stress balls, textured strips, mini-balance disc, chewy pencil topper, noise-canceling headphones).
Instructions:
- Spread out on a table or pass around one of each sensory tool from the Sensory Tools Catalog.
- Ask each participant to select the tool that most “speaks” to them.
- Give participants 30 seconds to explore or use their chosen tool.
- In a quick round-robin (30–45 seconds each), have each teacher share:
- Which tool they picked
- How it felt (e.g., calming, energizing, grounding)
- One way that sensation might help a student in their classroom
- Debrief as a whole group:
- Highlight how different sensory inputs meet diverse needs
- Connect personal reactions to potential student experiences
Transition: Emphasize that just as we each responded uniquely, students benefit from a menu of sensory supports. This sets the stage for today’s Tier 1 strategies.
Cool Down
Exit Ticket Reflection
Time: 5 minutes
1. One key insight I will apply in my classroom:
2. One question, concern, or next step as I implement these strategies: