Lesson Plan
Personal Finance 101
Students will be able to define key personal finance concepts (budgeting, saving, student loans) and apply basic financial literacy skills to make informed decisions about their future.
Understanding personal finance is crucial for young adults to navigate the complexities of money management, avoid debt, and build a secure financial foundation as they transition into college and independent living.
Audience
12th Grade Students
Time
75 minutes
Approach
Interactive discussion, practical exercises, and a structured debate.
Prep
Teacher Preparation
20 minutes
- Review the Personal Finance 101 Lesson Plan and all linked materials: Money Matters for Young Adults Slide Deck, Budgeting Basics Workbook, and Student Loan Savvy Debate Guide.
- Ensure access to a projector or interactive whiteboard for the slide deck.
- Print copies of the Budgeting Basics Workbook for each student.
- Divide the class into two groups for the debate if not already done.
Step 1
Introduction & Warm-Up: What's Your Money Mindset?
10 minutes
- Begin with a brief discussion: "What does 'financial freedom' mean to you?"
- Introduce the lesson objectives using the Money Matters for Young Adults Slide Deck (Slide 1-2).
- Ask students to share one thing they hope to learn about personal finance today.
Step 2
Budgeting Basics: Where Does Your Money Go?
25 minutes
- Present information on budgeting using Money Matters for Young Adults Slide Deck (Slides 3-6).
- Distribute the Budgeting Basics Workbook.
- Guide students through the first few exercises in the workbook, discussing common income and expenses.
- Allow students to work individually or in pairs on their mock budgets.
Step 3
The Power of Saving: Growing Your Green
15 minutes
- Transition to the concept of saving, using Money Matters for Young Adults Slide Deck (Slides 7-9).
- Discuss different types of savings (emergency fund, long-term goals) and the power of compound interest.
- Have students complete the saving goals section in their Budgeting Basics Workbook.
Step 4
Student Loan Savvy: Borrowing for Your Future
20 minutes
- Introduce the topic of student loans and their implications, using Money Matters for Young Adults Slide Deck (Slides 10-12).
- Facilitate the Student Loan Savvy Debate using the provided guide.
- Encourage respectful discussion and critical thinking about the pros and cons of student loans.
Step 5
Wrap-Up & Next Steps: Your Financial Journey
5 minutes
- Summarize key takeaways from the lesson (Slide 13 on Money Matters for Young Adults Slide Deck).
- Encourage students to continue exploring personal finance resources.
- Assign any remaining sections of the Budgeting Basics Workbook as homework.
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Slide Deck
Money Matters for Young Adults: Your Path to Financial Freedom!
What does 'financial freedom' mean to you?
Today's Objectives:
- Define key personal finance concepts.
- Learn how to create a simple budget.
- Understand the importance of saving.
- Explore the basics of student loans.
Welcome students and introduce the topic of financial freedom. Ask them to share initial thoughts on what it means to them. Briefly go over the lesson objectives for today.
Budgeting 101: Knowing Where Your Money Goes
A budget is a plan for how you'll spend and save your money.
Why Budget?
- Helps you reach financial goals.
- Prevents overspending.
- Gives you control over your money.
Explain that budgeting is the foundation of good financial health. Ask students if they currently manage their money and how.
Your Income: Where Does It Come From?
Income is the money you receive.
- Examples:
- Salary/Wages from a job
- Allowances
- Gifts
- Freelance work
Define income and discuss common sources for high school students and young adults (part-time jobs, allowances, gifts). Ask for examples.
Your Expenses: Where Does It Go?
Expenses are the money you spend.
- Fixed Expenses: Stay the same each month (e.g., phone bill, subscriptions).
- Variable Expenses: Change from month to month (e.g., food, entertainment, clothes).
Define expenses and differentiate between fixed and variable. Provide examples and ask students to think of their own.
Creating Your Budget: A Simple Plan
- Track your income: How much money do you expect to receive?
- Track your expenses: Where do you spend your money?
- Compare: Is your income greater than your expenses?
- If yes, great! You can save or invest.
- If no, it's time to adjust your spending!
Introduce the idea of creating a simple budget. Explain that they will use the workbook to practice. Emphasize tracking income and expenses.
The Power of Saving: Secure Your Future!
Saving is setting aside money for future use.
Why Save?
- Emergency Fund
- Big Purchases (car, college, house)
- Retirement (yes, start thinking about it!)
- Achieving financial goals
Transition to the importance of saving. Ask students what they are currently saving for, or what they might want to save for in the future.
Compound Interest: Your Money's Best Friend
Compound interest is 'interest on interest' — your money grows faster because you earn interest not only on your initial savings but also on the accumulated interest from previous periods.
- Start Early! The sooner you save, the more time your money has to grow.
Explain compound interest simply. Use an analogy if helpful (e.g., snowball rolling downhill).
Student Loans: Investing in Your Education
Student loans are a type of financial aid that must be paid back, usually with interest.
- Used to pay for college tuition, fees, housing, books, and other educational expenses.
- Can be federal (government) or private (banks).
Move into student loans. Acknowledge that this can be a complex topic, but emphasize understanding the basics. Ask if anyone knows what a student loan is.
Types of Student Loans
- Federal Student Loans:
- Issued by the U.S. Department of Education.
- Often have fixed interest rates and income-driven repayment options.
- May offer subsidized loans (government pays interest while you're in school).
- Private Student Loans:
- Offered by banks, credit unions, and other private lenders.
- Interest rates can be variable and may require a co-signer.
- Generally fewer repayment protections than federal loans.
Discuss the two main types of federal loans and private loans. Highlight the differences and potential benefits/drawbacks of each.
Borrow Responsibly!
- Only borrow what you need.
- Understand the interest rate and repayment terms.
- Explore scholarships and grants first!
- Think about your future income potential.
Emphasize responsible borrowing. Connect it back to budgeting and financial planning.
Your Financial Journey Starts Now!
Key Takeaways:
- Budgeting gives you control.
- Saving helps you achieve goals.
- Understand student loans before you borrow.
Empower yourself with financial knowledge!
Conclude the lesson by reiterating the importance of financial literacy and empowering students to take control of their financial future. Encourage them to continue learning.
Worksheet
Budgeting Basics Workbook: Plan Your Path to Financial Freedom!
This workbook will help you understand your income and expenses, and start building a simple budget. Use it to gain control over your money!
Part 1: Your Income
Think about all the ways you currently get money, or how you expect to get money in the near future (e.g., part-time job, allowance, gifts, savings from previous work).
-
List your sources of income and the estimated amount you receive from each per month:
- Source 1:
Amount: - Source 2:
Amount: - Source 3:
Amount:
- Source 1:
-
Total Monthly Income: Add up all your estimated income sources.
Part 2: Your Expenses
Now, let's think about where your money goes. List your typical monthly expenses. Try to identify if they are 'fixed' (usually the same every month) or 'variable' (can change).
-
List your fixed expenses:
- Expense 1 (e.g., phone bill):
Amount: - Expense 2 (e.g., subscription):
Amount: - Expense 3:
Amount:
- Expense 1 (e.g., phone bill):
-
List your variable expenses:
- Expense 1 (e.g., food/snacks):
Amount: - Expense 2 (e.g., entertainment):
Amount: - Expense 3 (e.g., clothes/shopping):
Amount: - Expense 4:
Amount:
- Expense 1 (e.g., food/snacks):
-
Total Monthly Expenses: Add up all your estimated expenses (fixed and variable).
Part 3: Create Your Budget!
Now, let's see how your income and expenses compare.
-
Income - Expenses = What's Left?
- Total Monthly Income:
- Total Monthly Expenses:
- Money Remaining (or deficit):
- Total Monthly Income:
-
Reflection:
- Is your income higher than your expenses? What does this mean for your financial goals?
- If your expenses are higher, what are some ways you could adjust your spending or increase your income?
- Is your income higher than your expenses? What does this mean for your financial goals?
Part 4: Setting Savings Goals
Even if you don't have a lot left over, setting aside a little for savings is important!
-
What are 1-2 things you would like to save for in the next year or two (e.g., a specific item, college, a trip, an emergency fund)?
- Goal 1:
Estimated Cost:
How much can you save per month? - Goal 2:
Estimated Cost:
How much can you save per month?
- Goal 1:
-
How does creating a budget help you work towards these savings goals?
Discussion
Student Loan Savvy Debate: To Borrow or Not to Borrow?
Objective: To critically examine the role of student loans in funding higher education, considering both their benefits and potential drawbacks.
Time Allotment: 20 minutes
Debate Structure
-
Introduction (2 minutes): Briefly introduce the topic of student loans. Explain that students will be debating whether student loans are a necessary and beneficial tool for higher education or a potential financial burden.
-
Team Formation: Divide the class into two teams:
- Team A: Pro-Student Loans (Advocates for the benefits and necessity of student loans)
- Team B: Anti-Student Loans (Highlights the risks and disadvantages of student loans)
-
Opening Statements (4 minutes - 2 minutes per team):
- Each team presents their strongest arguments for their assigned stance.
- Each team presents their strongest arguments for their assigned stance.
-
Rebuttals & Discussion (10 minutes):
- Open the floor for a structured debate. Each team can respond to the other's points, provide counter-arguments, and elaborate on their own stance.
- Teacher Prompts:
- To Team A: "What are the primary reasons students need to take out loans for higher education? How do loans open doors that might otherwise be closed?"
- To Team B: "What are the biggest dangers of student loan debt? How might students avoid or minimize the need for loans?"
- "Are there situations where student loans are unequivocally a good investment? When might they be a poor one?"
- "How do federal loans compare to private loans in terms of risk and benefits?"
- "What role do scholarships and grants play in reducing the need for student loans?"
- To Team A: "What are the primary reasons students need to take out loans for higher education? How do loans open doors that might otherwise be closed?"
-
Closing Remarks (4 minutes - 2 minutes per team):
- Each team summarizes their main points and provides a final statement.
- Each team summarizes their main points and provides a final statement.
Reflection Questions (Optional - for individual or class discussion after the debate)
- What was the most convincing argument you heard from the opposing side?
- How has this debate changed or reinforced your perspective on student loans?
- What steps can you take now to make informed decisions about funding your future education?
Discussion
Student Loan Savvy Debate: To Borrow or Not to Borrow?
Objective: To critically examine the role of student loans in funding higher education, considering both their benefits and potential drawbacks.
Time Allotment: 20 minutes
Debate Structure
-
Introduction (2 minutes): Briefly introduce the topic of student loans. Explain that students will be debating whether student loans are a necessary and beneficial tool for higher education or a potential financial burden.
-
Team Formation: Divide the class into two teams:
- Team A: Pro-Student Loans (Advocates for the benefits and necessity of student loans)
- Team B: Anti-Student Loans (Highlights the risks and disadvantages of student loans)
-
Opening Statements (4 minutes - 2 minutes per team):
- Each team presents their strongest arguments for their assigned stance.
- Each team presents their strongest arguments for their assigned stance.
-
Rebuttals & Discussion (10 minutes):
- Open the floor for a structured debate. Each team can respond to the other's points, provide counter-arguments, and elaborate on their own stance.
- Teacher Prompts:
- To Team A: