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Break The Cycle

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Lesson Plan

Session 1 Lesson Plan

Introduce self-harm awareness and build rapport in a safe one-on-one setting; student will articulate a personal definition of self-harm and identify an emotion that could lead to it.

Setting a shared understanding of self-harm and establishing trust are critical first steps toward open dialogue and future coping-strategy work.

Audience

Individual Middle/High School Student

Time

15 minutes

Approach

Guided discussion and emotion-exploration activity

Prep

Familiarize With Session Resources

5 minutes

  • Review the Feelings Chart to understand how emotions are categorized.
  • Read through the Session 1 Discussion Script to become comfortable with phrasing and flow.
  • Prepare a quiet, private space free of distractions.

Step 1

Build Rapport

3 minutes

  • Greet the student warmly and thank them for meeting one-on-one.
  • Explain confidentiality limits and that they can share at their own pace.
  • Outline today’s focus: understanding self-harm and sharing feelings.

Step 2

Define Self-Harm

4 minutes

  • Ask the student what they know about self-harm or how they’d define it.
  • Provide a clear, age-appropriate definition: harming oneself intentionally to cope with pain.
  • Confirm understanding and invite any questions.

Step 3

Emotion Exploration

5 minutes

  • Present the Feelings Chart and ask the student to identify two emotions they’ve felt recently.
  • Discuss what situations or thoughts tend to trigger those emotions.
  • Validate their experience: “That sounds really challenging.”

Step 4

Introduce Healthy Coping Strategies

3 minutes

  • Brainstorm 1–2 alternative ways to cope (e.g., deep breathing, drawing, talking to a friend).
  • Ask the student which feels most doable right now and why.
  • Agree on a simple goal: student will try that strategy if distress arises before next session.
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Script

Session 1 Discussion Script

Opening and Rapport (3 minutes)

Teacher: "Hi [Student Name], thank you for taking the time to meet with me today. I’m really glad we have this quiet space just for us. Before we begin, I want you to know that what you share here stays between us, unless I’m worried someone might get hurt. You’re in control of what you share and at your own pace. Today, we’ll talk about self-harm and how you’ve been feeling lately. Does that sound good to you?"

Pause and allow student to respond.

Defining Self-Harm (4 minutes)

Teacher: "Can you tell me in your own words what you think self-harm means?"

Pause for student’s definition.

Teacher: "That’s a great start. Self-harm is when someone intentionally hurts their own body—like cutting, burning, or hitting—to cope with emotional pain. It’s not a way to get attention, but rather a signal that someone is in a lot of distress and needs help. Do you have any questions about that definition or anything you’d like me to explain further?"

If student asks a question, respond with clarity and empathy. Follow-up prompt: “What makes you curious about that?”

Exploring Emotions (5 minutes)

Teacher: "I have a Feelings Chart here. It lists different emotions people often experience. Could you pick two emotions from the chart that you’ve felt recently?"

Pause while student looks and chooses.

Teacher: "You chose [Emotion 1] and [Emotion 2]. Can you tell me about a time when you felt [Emotion 1]? What was happening, and what thoughts were going through your mind?"

Allow student to share. Follow-up prompts:

  • "What did your body feel like in that moment?"
  • "How intense did that emotion feel, from 1 to 10?"

Teacher: "Thank you for sharing. That sounds really challenging. Now, what about [Emotion 2]? When have you felt that?"

Listen, validate, and reflect: “It makes sense that you’d feel that way given what was happening.”

Introducing Healthy Coping Strategies (3 minutes)

Teacher: "When those emotions come up, it can help to try something else instead of self-harm. Let’s brainstorm a couple of healthy ways to cope. Here are some ideas:

  • Deep, slow breathing (inhale for 4 seconds, exhale for 4 seconds)
  • Drawing or doodling how you feel
  • Texting or calling someone you trust
  • Listening to a favorite song

Which of these feels doable to you right now?"

Pause for student choice.

Teacher: "Great—so you’re going to try [Chosen Strategy] when you notice [Emotion they identified] before our next session. How confident do you feel using that, on a scale of 1 to 10?"

If confidence is low, ask “What might help you feel more ready to try it?”

Closing and Next Steps (≤1 minute)

Teacher: "I appreciate you being open today. Our goal is that if you feel [Identified Emotion] again, you’ll pause and try [Chosen Strategy] instead. We’ll check in next time about how it went and learn more ways to cope. Does that plan feel okay to you?"

Allow student to confirm.

Teacher: "Thank you again for sharing. I look forward to talking more in our next session."


Session 1 complete.

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Lesson Plan

Session 2 Lesson Plan

Help the student recognize personal self-harm triggers and co-create a brief safety plan; student will list at least three triggers and complete a personalized safety plan template.

Understanding individual triggers empowers students to anticipate distress and use coping options proactively; a written safety plan provides clear next steps when urges arise.

Audience

Individual Middle/High School Student

Time

15 minutes

Approach

Guided discussion and collaborative plan creation

Prep

Prepare Session Materials

5 minutes

Step 1

Recap and Check-In

3 minutes

  • Welcome the student and briefly review how their chosen coping strategy went since last session.
  • Ask: “On a scale of 1–10, how confident did you feel using [Chosen Strategy] when [Identified Emotion] came up?”
  • Validate successes and note any barriers encountered.

Step 2

Introduce Triggers Concept

2 minutes

  • Explain that triggers are events, thoughts, or feelings that increase the urge to self-harm.
  • Emphasize that identifying triggers helps plan ahead and stay safe.

Step 3

Identify Personal Triggers

5 minutes

  • Provide the Triggers Identification Worksheet.
  • Ask the student to list at least three recent situations, thoughts, or feelings that made them feel like harming themselves.
  • Use prompts: “What kinds of moments feel overwhelming?” “Are there places, people, or thoughts that increase your distress?”
  • Confirm and reflect each trigger listed: “That makes sense; it sounds like [Trigger] can feel very intense.”

Step 4

Develop Safety Plan

4 minutes

  • Introduce the Safety Plan Template.
  • Guide the student through filling:
    • Top three personal triggers
    • Two coping strategies to use first
    • Two people to contact if self-harm urges escalate
    • Safe environments or distractions (e.g., go for a walk, play music)
  • Ask the student to rate confidence in using this plan from 1–10; adjust if needed.

Step 5

Close and Next Steps

1 minute

  • Ask the student to keep the completed safety plan somewhere they can easily access it.
  • Confirm plan: “When you notice [Top Trigger], you’ll follow the steps we outlined on your safety plan.”
  • Remind about next session focus on building more coping skills.
  • Thank the student for their openness today.
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Script

Session 2 Discussion Script

1. Recap and Check-In (3 minutes)

Teacher: "Hi [Student Name], welcome back. Last time, we talked about how you felt [Identified Emotion] and you decided to try [Chosen Strategy] when that came up. How did that go for you since we last met?"

Pause for student response.



Teacher: "On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident did you feel using [Chosen Strategy] when you noticed [Identified Emotion]?"

Listen and validate. Follow-up prompt if needed:

  • "What helped you feel more confident?"
  • "What made it harder to try the strategy?"

2. Introducing Triggers (2 minutes)

Teacher: "Today, we’ll talk about triggers—the situations, thoughts, or feelings that can increase the urge to hurt yourself. Knowing your triggers helps you plan ahead and stay safe. Does that make sense?"

Pause for agreement.

3. Identifying Personal Triggers (5 minutes)

Teacher: "I have the Triggers Identification Worksheet. Let’s list at least three recent triggers you’ve noticed. For example, a certain place, a stressful thought, or a difficult situation."

Hand over worksheet.






Teacher: "Thanks for writing those down. You listed: [Trigger 1], [Trigger 2], and [Trigger 3]. Let’s talk about [Trigger 1]. Can you tell me what happens in that moment and what you feel?"

Pause for sharing.
Follow-up prompts:

  • "What thoughts go through your mind then?"
  • "How strong is the urge, from 1 to 10?"

Teacher: "That sounds really tough. It makes sense that when [Trigger 1] happens, you’d feel overwhelmed."
Repeat probing and validation for [Trigger 2] and [Trigger 3].

4. Developing Your Safety Plan (4 minutes)

Teacher: "Now let’s fill in your Safety Plan Template. We’ll include your top three triggers, two coping strategies to try first, two trusted contacts, and safe places or distractions.

  1. Top Triggers











  2. Two Coping Strategies to Try First
    (e.g., deep breathing, drawing, calling a friend)











  3. Two People to Contact
    (Name and how you’ll reach out)











  4. Safe Places or Distractions
    (e.g., go for a walk, listen to music)











Teacher: "On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident do you feel using this plan when you notice a trigger?"

If confidence is below 7, ask:

  • "What could we adjust to make this plan feel more doable?"

5. Closing and Next Steps (1 minute)

Teacher: "Great work today. Keep your safety plan where you can see it—maybe in your notebook or on your phone. Next session, we’ll explore more healthy coping strategies to add to your toolbox. Remember, you’re not alone, and it’s okay to reach out for help. Thank you for your openness today. I’ll see you next time."


Session 2 complete.

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Lesson Plan

Session 3 Lesson Plan

Expand the student’s coping toolkit by introducing and practicing new healthy strategies; student will experience mindfulness and identify one additional strategy to use.

Offering varied coping options and guided practice empowers students to manage distress in the moment and build confidence in using healthy alternatives to self-harm.

Audience

Individual Middle/High School Student

Time

15 minutes

Approach

Guided demonstration and skill practice

Prep

Prepare Session 3 Materials

5 minutes

Step 1

Recap and Check-In

3 minutes

  • Greet the student and review how their safety plan strategies worked since last session.
  • Ask: “Which coping strategies did you try, and how did they feel on a scale of 1–10?”
  • Validate successes and note any challenges.

Step 2

Introduce Additional Coping Strategies

4 minutes

  • Present the Distraction Strategies Worksheet listing varied options (e.g., cold water on wrists, texting a friend, physical movement).
  • Ask the student to choose two new strategies that feel appealing and discuss why.
  • Highlight the importance of having multiple options based on context.

Step 3

Guided Mindfulness Practice

5 minutes

  • Explain that mindfulness can help ground in the present when distress is high.
  • Lead the student through the Mindfulness Exercise Script, focusing on breathing and body awareness.
  • After practice, ask the student how they felt and what they noticed.

Step 4

Strategy Selection & Planning

2 minutes

  • Ask the student: “Of all the strategies we’ve covered so far, which one new strategy do you feel ready to add to your plan?”
  • Have them name the chosen strategy and rate confidence (1–10).
  • Discuss when and how they will remember to use it.

Step 5

Closing & Next Steps

1 minute

  • Summarize today’s takeaway: the chosen strategy and mindfulness practice.
  • Remind: “You can combine strategies—first mindfulness, then distraction.”
  • Preview next session: reviewing use of these skills and introducing emotion-reframing techniques.
  • Thank the student for their participation and honesty.
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Script

Session 3 Discussion Script

1. Recap and Check-In (3 minutes)

Teacher: "Hi [Student Name], welcome back. Last time, you used your safety plan when you noticed [Top Trigger]. Which coping strategies did you try since our last meeting?"

Pause for student response.


Teacher: "On a scale from 1 to 10, how helpful did each strategy feel when you used it?"

Follow-up prompts:

  • "What made it feel helpful or not so helpful?"
  • "What challenges did you notice when trying them?"

2. Introduce Additional Coping Strategies (4 minutes)

Teacher: "Today, we’ll explore more ways to cope when things feel overwhelming. I have a Distraction Strategies Worksheet with several options—like splash of cold water, quick movement breaks, or texting a friend. Let’s look it over together and pick two that sound useful to you. Which two strategies stand out?"

Pause while student reviews and chooses.





Teacher: "You chose [New Strategy 1] and [New Strategy 2]. Why do those feel like they could work for you?"

Listen and validate.
Follow-up prompts:

  • "When do you think you might try [New Strategy 1]?"
  • "What might get in the way of using [New Strategy 2], and how could you handle that?"

3. Guided Mindfulness Practice (5 minutes)

Teacher: "One powerful tool is mindfulness—bringing your attention to right now. We’ll try a brief practice from the Mindfulness Exercise Script. Let’s sit comfortably and follow along. Ready?"

Lead the mindfulness exercise as written in the Mindfulness Exercise Script.

After practice:
Teacher: "What did you notice during that exercise? How did your body or thoughts feel?"

Pause for student reflection.





Teacher: "Noticing those changes is part of being mindful. You can use this whenever you feel tension rising."

4. Strategy Selection & Planning (2 minutes)

Teacher: "Of all the strategies we’ve covered—deep breathing, the distractions you chose, and mindfulness—which one new strategy do you feel ready to add to your safety plan?"

Pause for student selection.


Teacher: "Great choice. On a scale from 1 to 10, how confident are you in using [Chosen New Strategy] when you notice distress?"

If confidence is below 7, ask:

  • "What could make it feel more doable?"

5. Closing & Next Steps (1 minute)

Teacher: "You did excellent work today. Remember, you can combine strategies—maybe start with mindfulness, then try [New Strategy]. Next session, we’ll practice how to reframe difficult thoughts. Keep practicing these tools, and feel free to reach out if you need support before then. Thank you for your openness. I’ll see you next time!"

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Lesson Plan

Session 4 Lesson Plan

Enable the student to identify and document negative thoughts using a structured sheet and practice reframing one thought; student will complete a thought record and reframe at least one negative thought.

Cognitive reframing helps students challenge distressing thoughts, reducing emotional intensity and enhancing long-term emotional resilience.

Audience

Individual Middle/High School Student

Time

15 minutes

Approach

Guided cognitive practice and consolidation

Prep

Prepare Session 4 Materials

5 minutes

Step 1

Recap & Check-In

3 minutes

  • Greet the student and review how the new strategies and reframing practice felt since last session.
  • Ask: “Which strategy did you find most helpful, and how confident did you feel using it?”
  • Acknowledge successes and note any remaining challenges.

Step 2

Introduce Cognitive Reframing

2 minutes

  • Explain that cognitive reframing means noticing negative automatic thoughts and finding a more balanced perspective.
  • Emphasize that this skill helps reduce distress and build self-awareness.

Step 3

Thought Record Exercise

4 minutes

  • Provide the Thought Record Worksheet.
  • Ask the student to recall a recent upsetting situation and fill in each column:
    • Situation
    • Emotions (1–10)
    • Automatic Thoughts
    • Evidence For and Against
    • Alternative Thought
  • Prompt as needed: “What went through your mind first?” “What facts support or challenge that thought?”

Step 4

Cognitive Reframing Practice

4 minutes

  • Hand out the Cognitive Reframing Worksheet.
  • Guide the student to select one automatic thought from their record and complete:
    • Negative Thought
    • Reframe Strategy (e.g., evidence-based challenge, perspective shift)
    • Balanced Thought
  • Ask the student to rate how believable the new balanced thought feels, 1–10.

Step 5

Consolidation & Next Steps

2 minutes

  • Summarize today’s work: thought documentation and reframing.
  • Encourage the student to use these worksheets whenever distressing thoughts arise.
  • Remind: “Combine reframing with your safety plan and coping strategies for best support.”
  • Thank the student for their participation and close the session.
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Script

Session 4 Discussion Script

1. Recap & Check-In (3 minutes)

Teacher: "Hi [Student Name], welcome back. Last time, you tried [Chosen New Strategy] and practiced mindfulness. Which of these felt most helpful, and how confident did you feel using it (on a scale of 1–10)?"

Pause for student response.


Teacher: "Thank you for sharing. It’s great to see what’s working and where you might still have questions."

2. Introduce Cognitive Reframing (2 minutes)

Teacher: "Today, we’ll focus on cognitive reframing—noticing automatic negative thoughts and finding a balanced perspective. This skill can help reduce the intensity of distressing feelings. Does that make sense?"

Pause for agreement.

3. Thought Record Exercise (4 minutes)

Teacher: "I have the Thought Record Worksheet. Let’s think of a recent upsetting moment. Please fill in each column:

  1. Situation
  2. Emotions and intensity (1–10)
  3. Automatic Thoughts you noticed
  4. Evidence that supports and challenges those thoughts
  5. An Alternative, more balanced thought

Go ahead and start with the situation you chose."

Pause for student to write.





Teacher: "What automatic thought did you list?"

Pause for student to share.


Teacher: "Great. What evidence did you find that supports that thought, and what evidence challenges it?"

Pause for discussion.


4. Cognitive Reframing Practice (4 minutes)

Teacher: "Now, let’s use the Cognitive Reframing Worksheet. Choose one automatic thought from your record. Then:

  • Write the Negative Thought
  • Pick a Reframe Strategy (for example, look for facts that disprove the thought or imagine a friend in the same situation)
  • Create a Balanced Thought that feels more realistic

You can start by copying your negative thought at the top."

Pause for student to work.





Teacher: "On a scale of 1–10, how believable does your new balanced thought feel?"

If below 7, follow up:

  • "What could make this new thought feel more believable to you?"

5. Consolidation & Next Steps (2 minutes)

Teacher: "You did excellent work reframing your thoughts today. Remember, when distressing thoughts come up, you can:

  1. Pause and notice the thought
  2. Use your thought record to gather evidence
  3. Reframe with a balanced perspective
  4. Follow your safety plan and coping strategies

Continue practicing these steps whenever you notice negative thoughts. Combining cognitive reframing with your other tools will help you manage difficult emotions more effectively. Thank you for your honesty and effort today. I’m proud of your progress."

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