Lesson Plan
Fitness Foundations Roadmap
Students will identify and practice the four core components of fitness—cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility—through interactive challenges and reflective activities.
Building foundational fitness literacy empowers students to develop healthy exercise habits early, supports lifelong wellness, and meets Tier 1 MTSS goals by engaging all learners.
Audience
4th Grade Class
Time
45 minutes
Approach
Interactive slides, circuit challenges, and guided reflection.
Materials
Prep
Teacher Preparation
15 minutes
- Print enough copies of the My Fitness Self-Check worksheet for each student.
- Review the Move It: Core Components of Fitness slide-deck and note key discussion points.
- Set up the Fitness Circuit Stations around the space with clear signage and equipment.
- Prepare timers or stopwatches for the Heart-Rate Hunt warm-up.
- Review safety cues and proper form for stretches in Stretch & Reflect.
Step 1
Introduction
5 minutes
- Gather students and display the first slide of Move It: Core Components of Fitness.
- Discuss what fitness means and why it matters.
- Introduce the four components: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility.
- Explain session flow and objectives.
Step 2
Warm-Up: Heart-Rate Hunt
7 minutes
- Explain the goal: find and record resting heart rates with a partner.
- Demonstrate locating pulse points (wrist/neck) and using timers.
- Students complete three readings and note results.
- Debrief: What patterns did you observe?
Step 3
Presentation: Core Components of Fitness
8 minutes
- Use the slide-deck to define and illustrate each fitness component.
- Invite students to name activities they enjoy that fit each category.
- Highlight how different sports and games target different components.
Step 4
Activity: Fitness Circuit Stations
15 minutes
- Split class into small groups and assign starting stations from Fitness Circuit Stations.
- Rotate groups every 2 minutes through stations (e.g., jumping jacks, wall sits, push-ups, yoga poses).
- Monitor technique and encourage students to identify each station’s targeted component.
- Use timers to manage rotations.
Step 5
Cool-Down & Reflection: Stretch & Reflect
7 minutes
- Lead static stretches following Stretch & Reflect prompts.
- After each stretch, ask: How did that feel? Which component does this help?
- Emphasize proper breathing and muscle relaxation.
- Encourage students to share one take-away.
Step 6
Assessment: My Fitness Self-Check
3 minutes
- Hand out My Fitness Self-Check worksheets.
- Students complete reflection questions about what they learned and set a personal fitness goal.
- Collect worksheets to assess understanding and inform future lessons.
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Slide Deck
Move It: Core Components of Fitness
Understanding and exploring the four core parts of physical fitness
Welcome students and introduce the session. Explain that today we’ll explore the four key parts of fitness and learn how to move our bodies in fun ways.
What Is Fitness?
Fitness is the ability to use your body effectively for everyday tasks and fun activities.
Key ideas:
• Strength to lift or push
• Endurance to keep going
• Flexibility to bend and move easily
• A strong heart and lungs to stay active
Lead a short brainstorm. Ask: How do you know when your body is ‘fit’? Capture ideas on the board.
Component 1: Cardiovascular Endurance
Definition: The ability of your heart and lungs to supply oxygen during sustained activity.
Examples:
• Running or jogging
• Swimming
• Biking
Explain that cardiovascular endurance is about how well your heart and lungs work when you’re active.
Cardiovascular Endurance in Action
Try these activities to boost your cardiovascular endurance:
• Jump rope for 1 minute
• Play a quick game of tag
• Do a short cycle around the playground
Discussion: Which would you pick and why?
Show pictures or demonstrate each activity if possible. Then ask: Which activity gets your heart pumping the fastest?
Component 2: Muscular Strength
Definition: The maximum force your muscles can use in one big effort.
Examples:
• Push-ups
• Climbing a rope or monkey bars
• Lifting a lightweight medicine ball
Clarify that muscular strength relates to how much force a muscle can produce in a single effort.
Building Muscular Strength
Activities to build strength:
• Wall push-ups or knee push-ups
• Tug-of-war with a rope
• Carrying a backpack filled with books for a short walk
Prompt: Which move sounds most fun?
Demonstrate a push-up or show a photo. Encourage students to consider other strength moves they know.
Component 3: Muscular Endurance
Definition: The ability to use your muscles repeatedly over time without getting tired.
Examples:
• Holding a plank position
• Doing many body-weight squats
• Performing repeated sit-ups
Emphasize the difference between strength (one-time effort) and endurance (repeating many times).
Muscular Endurance Activities
Try these to improve endurance:
• Hold a plank for 30 seconds
• Do as many jumping squats as you can in one minute
• Complete a set of 20 sit-ups
Reflection: Which activity felt hardest?
Invite a volunteer to hold a plank for 20 seconds. Then ask how their arms and core feel.
Component 4: Flexibility
Definition: The range of motion in your joints and muscles.
Examples:
• Stretching hamstrings and calves
• Yoga poses like downward dog
• Reaching and bending comfortably
Discuss everyday tasks that require flexibility like tying shoes or reaching high shelves.
Flexibility in Real Life
Activities to boost flexibility:
• Toe-touch reaches
• Butterfly stretch (seated)
• Simple yoga flow (child’s pose to cobra)
Discussion: How does stretching help your body?
Lead a quick demonstration of a standing toe-touch stretch. Remind about safe form.
Your Fitness Challenge
Create your personal mini-circuit:
- One cardiovascular move
- One strength move
- One endurance move
- One flexibility move
Goal: Practice this circuit once this week!
Encourage students to think of one activity for each fitness component they could do at home or at recess.
Reflection & Goals
• Which component did you enjoy learning about most?
• What’s one fitness goal you’ll set for yourself?
• Share with a partner and write down your plan.
Use this slide to close the lesson. Ask pairs to share their chosen activities and one take-away.
Warm Up
Heart-Rate Hunt Warm-Up
Time: 7 minutes
Materials:
- Stopwatch or timer (one per pair)
- Clipboards and paper or My Fitness Self-Check worksheet for recording
- Pencils
Instructions:
- Pair up students and give each pair a timer, clipboard, and pencil.
- Demonstrate how to find a pulse at the wrist (radial) or neck (carotid).
- Explain that they will measure their resting heart rate three times, each for 15 seconds, then multiply by 4 to get beats per minute.
- Round 1: Partners take turns measuring each other's pulse for 15 seconds. Record the count and calculate BPM.
- Round 2 & 3: Repeat two more times. Record all three BPM readings.
- Ask students to calculate their average BPM and note it on their paper.
- Quick Debrief:
- What patterns did you notice across your three readings?
- Did your partner’s rates differ much from yours? Why might that be?
- How does knowing your resting heart rate help you understand cardiovascular endurance?
Activity
Fitness Circuit Stations
Time: 15 minutes
Materials:
- Cones or markers for station boundaries
- Jump ropes
- Yoga mats or floor space for stretches
- Stopwatches or timers (one per group)
- Chairs or benches for wall sits or step-ups
- Light medicine balls or small backpacks (optional)
Setup:
- Arrange four stations around the space, each clearly labeled A–D.
- Place the required equipment at each station.
- Assign one group of 4–5 students to each station to start.
- Provide each group with a stopwatch or timer.
Instructions:
- Each station lasts 2 minutes; use the timer to track and signal when to rotate.
- After the timer beeps, groups rotate clockwise to the next station.
- Complete all four stations (8 minutes of activity plus brief transitions).
Stations:
Station A: Cardiovascular Endurance (Jump Rope + High Knees)
- Activity: 1 minute jump rope, then 1 minute high knees in place.
- Prompt: Which exercise got your heart pumping the hardest? How did your breathing change?
Station B: Muscular Strength (Wall Sits + Push-Ups)
- Activity: Hold a wall sit for 1 minute, then do as many knee or full push-ups as you can in 1 minute.
- Prompt: Which move felt strongest? Which muscles did you feel working?
Station C: Muscular Endurance (Plank + Squat Jumps)
- Activity: 1 minute plank hold, then 1 minute of squat jumps.
- Prompt: How long could you hold the plank before shaking? How many jumps did you complete?
Station D: Flexibility (Stretches + Yoga Flow)
- Activity:
• 30 seconds butterfly stretch
• 30 seconds standing hamstring stretch
• 1 minute child’s-pose to cobra flow - Prompt: How does stretching feel after other activities? Which stretch felt most relieving?
Rotation & Monitoring:
- One student per group manages the timer and signals rotations.
- Teacher circulates to check form, answer questions, and remind students of the targeted component at each station.
Quick Debrief (after all rotations):
- Which station was most challenging and why?
- Which fitness component do you want to improve the most?
Cool Down
Stretch & Reflect Cool-Down
Time: 7 minutes
Materials:
- Yoga mats or soft floor space
- Calm, clear area for stretching
Instructions:
- Deep Breathing (1 minute)
- Sit comfortably, close eyes or soften gaze.
- Inhale for 4 seconds, exhale for 4 seconds. Repeat 3 times.
Reflect: How did focused breathing make you feel?
- Neck Tilt (20 seconds each side)
- Gently tilt right ear toward right shoulder, hold for 20 seconds; switch sides.
Reflect: What sensations did you notice in your neck and shoulders?
- Gently tilt right ear toward right shoulder, hold for 20 seconds; switch sides.
- Shoulder Rolls (10 forward, 10 backward)
- Roll shoulders slowly in full circles.
Reflect: Did your shoulders feel looser after rolling?
- Roll shoulders slowly in full circles.
- Seated Hamstring Stretch (20 seconds per leg)
- Extend right leg forward, reach toward toes with straight spine; switch legs.
Reflect: Which side felt tighter, and why might that be?
- Extend right leg forward, reach toward toes with straight spine; switch legs.
- Butterfly Stretch (30 seconds)
- Soles of feet together, knees out. Gently press knees toward the floor.
Reflect: How did this pose help you relax or open up?
- Soles of feet together, knees out. Gently press knees toward the floor.
- Child’s Pose → Cobra Flow (1 minute)
- 30 seconds in child’s pose (knees wide, forehead on mat).
- Transition into cobra pose for 30 seconds (hands under shoulders, chest lifts).
Reflect: How did switching between these poses affect your breath and body?
- Final Reflection (2 minutes)
- Sit up slowly and answer:
- Which fitness component (cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, or flexibility) did you feel most in today’s lesson?
- What is one fitness goal you will set for yourself this week?
- Which fitness component (cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, or flexibility) did you feel most in today’s lesson?
- Sit up slowly and answer:
Close: Praise students for their effort and remind them that stretching and mindful breathing are as important as the active parts of fitness. Encourage them to practice these stretches at home or before bed each day.
Worksheet
My Fitness Self-Check
Name: ____________________________ Date: ________________
- Resting Heart Rate Measurement
- Record the three 15-second counts and multiply each by 4 to get your BPM. Then calculate your average.
- ___________ BPM
- ___________ BPM
- ___________ BPM
Average Resting Heart Rate: ___________ BPM
- Reflect on the Four Components of Fitness
a) Cardiovascular Endurance: What did you learn about your heart and breathing today?
b) Muscular Strength: Which strength activity felt most challenging or fun, and why?
c) Muscular Endurance: How did your muscles feel as you repeated moves over time?
d) Flexibility: Which stretch helped you feel more relaxed or open? Describe how it felt.
- Circuit Stations Feedback
- Most Enjoyable Station: Which station did you like best and why?
- Most Challenging Station: Which station was hardest and what made it tough?
- Set Your Personal Fitness Goal
Think about one thing you can practice this week to keep moving and get stronger or more flexible. Use a clear plan:
- What will you do?
- How often?
- When?
- Where?
Describe your goal:
Great work! Share your goal with a family member or friend and track your progress this week.