Day 1 Warm Up: What's the Difference?

Directions: Look at the picture graph below. It shows the favorite fruits of a group of 1st graders. Then, answer the questions.

Favorite Fruits

Key: Each fruit picture = 1 student

1. How many students like apples?
   
   
   
2. How many students like bananas?
   
   
   
3. How many students like oranges?
   
   
   
4. How many less students like bananas than apples?
   
   
   
5. How many less students like apples than oranges?
   
   
   
6. How many less in all students like bananas and apples combined, than oranges?
   
   
   

Day 1 Main Lesson: Commutative Property Script

Slide 1: Math Magic: The Commutative Property!

Teacher: "Good morning, math wizards! Today, we're going to explore some really cool math magic. It's called the Commutative Property of Addition. Don't worry, it's not as tricky as it sounds! Think about the word 'commute' – like when you commute to school or your parents commute to work. It means to move or travel. The Commutative Property of Addition is all about moving numbers around in addition problems. Let's find out what happens when we swap numbers in addition!"

Slide 2: I Do: See It in Action!

Teacher: "Let's look at an example together. I have 3 red counters and 2 blue counters." (Place 3 red counters and 2 blue counters on the overhead or draw on the board). "If I put them all together, how many counters do I have in total? Let's count them: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. So, 3 plus 2 equals 5."

"Now, what if I start with the blue counters first, and then add the red counters?" (Rearrange the counters or redraw, starting with 2 blue, then adding 3 red). "So now I have 2 blue counters and 3 red counters. If I count them all together again: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. We still have 5 counters!"

"What did you notice? Did the total number of counters change when I changed the order? No, it stayed the same! This is the magic of the Commutative Property."

Slide 3: The Commutative Property

Teacher: "Exactly! The Commutative Property of Addition tells us that you can add numbers in any order, and the sum – that's the answer to an addition problem – will always be the same! It doesn't matter if you have 4 apples and then add 1 more, or if you have 1 apple and then add 4 more. You still end up with 5 apples!"

"Let's see another example: 4 + 1 = 5. And if we flip them, 1 + 4 = 5. The answer is still 5! The order of the numbers doesn't change the sum."

Slide 4: We Do: Let's Try Together!

Teacher: "Alright, now it's our turn to try some together! This is the 'We Do' part. I need your help!"

"Look at this problem: 5 + 3 = ? What is the sum of 5 plus 3?" (Wait for responses). "Yes, 5 + 3 equals 8."

"Now, using our new math magic, the Commutative Property, what is another way to write this problem using the same numbers but in a different order?" (Encourage students to share. Guide them to 3 + 5.) "And what is the sum of 3 + 5?" (Wait for responses). "Still 8! Fantastic!"

"Let's try another one: 6 + 2 = ? What is the sum of 6 + 2?" (Wait for responses). "That's right, 8!"

"How can we swap the numbers and still get the same answer?" (Guide them to 2 + 6.) "And what is 2 + 6?" (Wait for responses). "Still 8! You've got it! You're really understanding how to move those numbers around."

Slide 5: You Do: Show What You Know!

Teacher: "Okay, math superstars, it's 'You Do' time! This is your chance to show what you know about the Commutative Property. I want you to try these problems on your own. You can use your whiteboards or a piece of scratch paper.

"Problem 1: I want you to write two different addition sentences for the numbers 7 and 2. Remember, use the Commutative Property.

"Problem 2: Fill in the missing number: 8 + 0 = 0 + ?"

"Problem 3: Is this statement true or false? 1 + 9 = 9 + 1"

(Give students a few minutes to work independently. Circulate around the room, offering individual support and encouragement. Observe their strategies.)

Teacher: "Alright, let's go over these! For problem 1, what are the two addition sentences you wrote?" (Call on students for 7 + 2 = 9 and 2 + 7 = 9). "Excellent!

"For problem 2, what's the missing number? 8 + 0 = 0 + 8!" (Emphasize the 8). "Great job!

"And for problem 3, is 1 + 9 = 9 + 1 true or false?" (Wait for responses). "It's TRUE! Both sides equal 10. You are all doing amazing!"

Slide 6: Great Job, Math Wizards!

Teacher: "You've done a wonderful job exploring the Commutative Property today! Remember, when you add numbers, you can switch them around, and the answer, the sum, will always be the same. This is a super helpful trick to know in math!"

"Now you're ready for some more practice with this idea in your small groups. Keep up the great work!"

Day 1 Small Group: Commutative Property Practice

Directions: Show the commutative property by writing two different addition sentences for each picture or problem. Then, solve both equations.

Part 1: Picture Problems

1. Imagine you have 4 red stars and 3 blue stars.

   Equation 1:
   
   
   
   Equation 2:
   
   
   

2. There are 2 green circles and 5 yellow circles.

   Equation 1:
   
   
   
   Equation 2:
   
   
   

Part 2: Number Problems

Write two addition sentences and find the sum.

3. Numbers: 6 and 1

   Equation 1:
   
   
   
   Equation 2:
   
   
   

4. Numbers: 8 and 0

   Equation 1:
   
   
   
   Equation 2:
   
   
   

5. Numbers: 3 and 7

   Equation 1:
   
   
   
   Equation 2:
   
   
   

Part 3: Fill in the Missing Number

Use the commutative property to help you fill in the missing number.

6. 5 + 4 = 4 + ______
   
   
   

7. 2 + ______ = 7 + 2
   
   
   

8. ______ + 1 = 1 + 9
   
   
   

9. 0 + 10 = ______ + 0
   
   
   

Day 1 Small Group: Commutative Property Practice Answer Key

Part 1: Picture Problems

1. Imagine you have 4 red stars and 3 blue stars.

   Thought Process: The numbers are 4 and 3. The commutative property states that changing the order of the addends does not change the sum. So, we write one equation as 4 + 3 and the other as 3 + 4.

   Equation 1: 4 + 3 = 7
   Equation 2: 3 + 4 = 7

2. There are 2 green circles and 5 yellow circles.

   Thought Process: The numbers are 2 and 5. Applying the commutative property, we write equations with these numbers in both orders.

   Equation 1: 2 + 5 = 7
   Equation 2: 5 + 2 = 7

Part 2: Number Problems

Write two addition sentences and find the sum.

3. Numbers: 6 and 1

   Thought Process: The given numbers are 6 and 1. We apply the commutative property to form two addition sentences.

   Equation 1: 6 + 1 = 7
   Equation 2: 1 + 6 = 7

4. Numbers: 8 and 0

   Thought Process: The given numbers are 8 and 0. When 0 is an addend, the sum is the other addend. The commutative property still applies.

   Equation 1: 8 + 0 = 8
   Equation 2: 0 + 8 = 8

5. Numbers: 3 and 7

   Thought Process: The given numbers are 3 and 7. We reverse the order of the addends for the second equation.

   Equation 1: 3 + 7 = 10
   Equation 2: 7 + 3 = 10

Part 3: Fill in the Missing Number

Use the commutative property to help you fill in the missing number.

6. 5 + 4 = 4 + 5
   Thought Process: For the equation to be true by the commutative property, the addends on both sides of the equals sign must be the same, just in a different order.

7. 2 + 7 = 7 + 2
   Thought Process: Similar to the previous problem, the missing number must be 7 to make the equation true according to the commutative property.

8. 9 + 1 = 1 + 9
   Thought Process: The addends on the right side are 1 and 9. Therefore, for the commutative property to hold, the missing addend on the left side must be 9.

9. 0 + 10 = 10 + 0
   Thought Process: The addends are 0 and 10. For the commutative property to be true, the missing addend must be 10.

Day 2 Warm Up: How Many More? How Many Less?

Directions: Look at the bar graph below. It shows the number of pets owned by different students. Then, answer the questions.

Pets in Our Class

Key: Each pet picture = 1 pet

1. How many pets does Mia have?
   
   
   
2. How many pets does Sam have?
   
   
   
3. How many pets does Lily have?
   
   
   
4. How many more pets does Mia have than Sam?
   
   
   
5. How many less pets does Sam have than Lily?
   
   
   
6. How many less in all pets do Mia and Sam have combined, than Lily?
   
   
   

Day 2 Main Lesson: Associative Property Script

Slide 1: Grouping Power: The Associative Property!

Teacher: "Welcome back, math detectives! Yesterday we talked about how we can swap numbers around when we add, and the sum stays the same. Today, we're going to learn another cool math trick for when we're adding three or more numbers! It's called the Associative Property of Addition. Think about the word 'associate' – it means to join or group together. That's exactly what we'll be doing: grouping numbers differently! Let's find out how."

Slide 2: I Do: Group and Add!

Teacher: "Let me show you what I mean. Imagine I have these three groups of counters: 2 red, 3 blue, and 1 yellow." (Place 2 red, 3 blue, and 1 yellow counters on the overhead/board. Show parentheses around the first two groups). "First, let's group the 2 red and 3 blue counters together. That's (2 + 3). What's 2 + 3?" (Wait for response). "Yes, 5! Now we have 5, and we add the 1 yellow counter. So, 5 + 1 equals 6. Our total is 6."

"Now, what if I group them differently?" (Rearrange the counters, placing parentheses around the second and third groups). "This time, let's group the 3 blue and 1 yellow counter together first. That's (3 + 1). What's 3 + 1?" (Wait for response). "You got it, 4! Now we have the 2 red counters and we add 4. So, 2 + 4 equals 6!"

"What did you notice? Even though we added the numbers in a different order of grouping, did our total answer change? No! It was still 6! This is the amazing Associative Property."

Slide 3: The Associative Property

Teacher: "That's right! The Associative Property of Addition tells us that when you are adding three or more numbers, you can group them in any way you want, and the sum will still be the same! We use these special little curves called parentheses ( ) to show which numbers we are going to add first."

"Look at this example: (2 + 3) + 4. We solve inside the parentheses first, so 2 + 3 is 5. Then we add 4, and 5 + 4 equals 9."

"Now, if we group them differently: 2 + (3 + 4). We solve inside these parentheses first, so 3 + 4 is 7. Then we add 2, and 2 + 7 equals 9! Both ways give us the same answer, 9! The order of the numbers stayed the same (2, 3, 4), but how we grouped them changed."

Slide 4: We Do: Let's Group Together!

Teacher: "Alright, it's 'We Do' time! Let's practice grouping numbers differently together. I need your help!"

"Let's try this problem: (4 + 2) + 3 = ? First, what do we solve inside the parentheses?" (Point to 4 + 2). "Yes, 4 + 2 equals 6. Now we have 6 + 3. What is our sum?" (Wait for responses). "Right, 9!"

"Now, how can we group these numbers differently using parentheses, but keep the numbers in the same order?" (Guide students to suggest 4 + (2 + 3).) "Exactly! Now, what do we solve first in 4 + (2 + 3)?" (Point to 2 + 3). "Yes, 2 + 3 equals 5. Now we have 4 + 5. What is our sum?" (Wait for responses). "Still 9! See how the answer is the same?"

"Let's do one more: 5 + (1 + 3) = ? What do we solve first?" (Point to 1 + 3). "1 + 3 is 4. Now we have 5 + 4. What is our sum?" (Wait for responses). "It's 9!"

"How can we group these numbers differently?" (Guide them to (5 + 1) + 3). "Great! What's 5 + 1?" (Wait for responses). "6! And 6 + 3 is...?" (Wait for responses). "9! You're becoming master groupers!"

Slide 5: You Do: Your Turn to Group!

Teacher: "Wonderful job, everyone! Now it's 'You Do' time. Your turn to show me how you can use the Associative Property to solve problems. Work on these problems on your own. Remember to solve what's inside the parentheses first!"

"Problem 1: Fill in the missing number: (2 + 6) + 1 = 2 + (__ + 1)"

"Problem 2: Find the sum for both ways of grouping:
(3 + 5) + 2 = ?
3 + (5 + 2) = ?"

"Problem 3: Is this true or false? (7 + 0) + 3 = 7 + (3 + 0)"

(Give students a few minutes to work independently. Circulate, observe, and provide support as needed. Encourage them to show their steps.)

Teacher: "Time to check our work! For problem 1, what's the missing number? (2 + 6) + 1 = 2 + (6 + 1). The missing number is 6! We just moved the parentheses."

"For problem 2, what did you get for (3 + 5) + 2?" (Wait for 8 + 2 = 10). "And for 3 + (5 + 2)?" (Wait for 3 + 7 = 10). "Both are 10! Fantastic!

"And for problem 3, is (7 + 0) + 3 = 7 + (3 + 0) true or false?" (Wait for responses). "It's TRUE! Both sides equal 10. You all are becoming experts at the Associative Property!"

Slide 6: Awesome Grouping, Everyone!

Teacher: "You did an amazing job with the Associative Property today! Always remember, when you're adding three or more numbers, you can change how you group them, and the sum will always stay the same. It helps us find easy ways to add!"

"Get ready for more practice in your small groups. Keep up the excellent work!"

Day 2 Small Group: Associative Property Practice

Directions: Show the associative property by grouping the numbers in two different ways using parentheses ( ). Then, solve both equations to find the sum.

Part 1: Grouping with Pictures

1. You have 2 red apples, 3 green apples, and 1 yellow apple.

   Equation 1: (____ + ) + ____ = ?
   
   
   
   Equation 2: ____ + ( + ____) = ?
   
   
   

2. There are 4 small blocks, 1 medium block, and 3 large blocks.

   Equation 1: (____ + ) + ____ = ?
   
   
   
   Equation 2: ____ + ( + ____) = ?
   
   
   

Part 2: Grouping with Numbers

For each problem, write two equations showing different groupings and find the sum.

3. Numbers: 5, 2, 3

   Equation 1:
   
   
   
   Equation 2:
   
   
   

4. Numbers: 1, 4, 0

   Equation 1:
   
   
   
   Equation 2:
   
   
   

5. Numbers: 6, 1, 2

   Equation 1:
   
   
   
   Equation 2:
   
   
   

Part 3: Missing Parentheses

Add parentheses to show how you would group the numbers to solve, and then find the sum.

6. 7 + 1 + 2 = ?

   (____ + ____) + ____ = ?

   ____ + (____ + ____) = ?
   
   
   

7. 3 + 4 + 1 = ?

   (____ + ____) + ____ = ?

   ____ + (____ + ____) = ?
   
   
   

Day 2 Small Group: Associative Property Practice Answer Key

Part 1: Grouping with Pictures

1. You have 2 red apples, 3 green apples, and 1 yellow apple.

   Thought Process: The numbers are 2, 3, and 1. We apply the associative property by grouping the first two numbers, then the last two numbers.

   Equation 1: (2 + 3) + 1 = 5 + 1 = 6
   Equation 2: 2 + (3 + 1) = 2 + 4 = 6

2. There are 4 small blocks, 1 medium block, and 3 large blocks.

   Thought Process: The numbers are 4, 1, and 3. We apply the associative property by grouping the first two numbers, then the last two numbers.

   Equation 1: (4 + 1) + 3 = 5 + 3 = 8
   Equation 2: 4 + (1 + 3) = 4 + 4 = 8

Part 2: Grouping with Numbers

For each problem, write two equations showing different groupings and find the sum.

3. Numbers: 5, 2, 3

   Thought Process: The given numbers are 5, 2, and 3. We use parentheses to show two different ways of grouping them.

   Equation 1: (5 + 2) + 3 = 7 + 3 = 10
   Equation 2: 5 + (2 + 3) = 5 + 5 = 10

4. Numbers: 1, 4, 0

   Thought Process: The given numbers are 1, 4, and 0. We use parentheses to show two different ways of grouping them.

   Equation 1: (1 + 4) + 0 = 5 + 0 = 5
   Equation 2: 1 + (4 + 0) = 1 + 4 = 5

5. Numbers: 6, 1, 2

   Thought Process: The given numbers are 6, 1, and 2. We use parentheses to show two different ways of grouping them.

   Equation 1: (6 + 1) + 2 = 7 + 2 = 9
   Equation 2: 6 + (1 + 2) = 6 + 3 = 9

Part 3: Missing Parentheses

Add parentheses to show how you would group the numbers to solve, and then find the sum.

6. 7 + 1 + 2 = ?

   Thought Process: We can group the first two numbers or the last two numbers.

   (7 + 1) + 2 = 8 + 2 = 10

   7 + (1 + 2) = 7 + 3 = 10

7. 3 + 4 + 1 = ?

   Thought Process: We can group the first two numbers or the last two numbers.

   (3 + 4) + 1 = 7 + 1 = 8

   3 + (4 + 1) = 3 + 5 = 8

Day 3 Warm Up: Data Detective

Directions: Look at the data below. It shows the number of different colored cars in a parking lot. Use this data to answer the questions, and then create your own 'how many less in all' question for a classmate!

Cars in the Parking Lot

1. How many red cars are there?
   
   
   

2. How many blue cars are there?
   
   
   

3. How many green cars are there?
   
   
   

4. How many less green cars are there than red cars?
   
   
   

5. How many less red cars are there than blue cars?
   
   
   

6. Create your own question: Write a question asking "how many less in all" about two different car colors compared to a third, or about two colors combined compared to another number.
   
   
   

   Answer to your question:
   
   
   

Day 3 Main Lesson: Property Power-Up Script

Slide 1: Property Power-Up: Commutative & Associative!

Teacher: "Good morning, math superheroes! Over the past two days, we've learned about two incredibly useful math properties: the Commutative Property and the Associative Property. Today, we're going to put on our superhero capes and see how these properties work together to make us super strong at addition! We'll practice choosing the best property to make problems easier to solve."

Slide 2: Review: Commutative Property

Teacher: "Let's do a quick warm-up for our brains. Who can remind us what the Commutative Property of Addition is all about?" (Wait for responses, guide towards 'switching order'). "That's right! The Commutative Property tells us that you can switch the order of the numbers when you add them, and the sum, the answer, stays exactly the same! Look at our example: 2 + 7 equals 9. And if we switch them around, 7 + 2 still equals 9! It's like magic, but it's just math!"

Slide 3: Review: Associative Property

Teacher: "Now, who remembers our other amazing property, the Associative Property? What does that one let us do?" (Wait for responses, guide towards 'grouping numbers'). "Excellent! The Associative Property says that when you're adding three or more numbers, you can change how you group them using parentheses, and the sum will still be the same! See here: (3 + 1) + 5. We solve what's in the parentheses first, so 3 + 1 is 4. Then 4 + 5 is 9. But if we group it like 3 + (1 + 5), we solve 1 + 5 first to get 6. Then 3 + 6 is still 9! The numbers stay in their spots, but how we buddy them up changes."

Slide 4: I Do: Choosing Our Power-Up!

Teacher: "Now, here's where the real power comes in! Sometimes, knowing these properties helps us solve problems super fast. Let's look at this problem: 8 + 3 + 2 = ? My brain likes to make tens, so I'm looking for numbers that add up to 10. I see an 8 and a 2! If I can add those first, it will be much easier.

"The numbers are 8, 3, and 2. I want to group the 8 and the 2. The Associative Property lets me do that! So I can write it as: (8 + 2) + 3 = ?

"What's 8 + 2?" (Wait for 10). "Yes, 10! Now my problem is 10 + 3. What's 10 + 3?" (Wait for 13). "13! See how much easier that was because I used the Associative Property to group the 8 and 2 first? That was a smart way to 'power up' our addition!"

Slide 5: We Do: Team Power-Up!

Teacher: "Alright, team! Let's power up together! This is our 'We Do' section. Look at this problem:

Problem 1: 5 + 4 + 5 = ?

"What do you notice about these numbers? Are there any numbers that are easy to add together first?" (Guide students to see the two 5s). "Yes, we have two 5s! Which property would help us put those 5s together first? The Associative Property! So, how could we group them?" (Guide them to (5 + 5) + 4). "Excellent! What's 5 + 5?" (Wait for 10). "And 10 + 4?" (Wait for 14). "Great job! The answer is 14."

"Let's try another one: Problem 2: (6 + 1) + 4 = ?

"First, what do we solve inside the parentheses?" (Point to 6 + 1). "Yes, 6 + 1 is 7. So now we have 7 + 4. What's 7 + 4?" (Wait for 11). "Good, 11! Now, could we re-group this to make it faster to solve? Maybe make a 10? What if we group the 6 and 4 instead? How would that look?" (Guide them to 6 + (1 + 4) or even (6+4)+1 using commutative first) "Yes! If we did (6 + 4) + 1, what's 6 + 4?" (Wait for 10). "And 10 + 1?" (Wait for 11). "Super! Both ways give us 11. Knowing these properties helps us find the easiest path to the answer!"

Slide 6: You Do: Your Power-Up Skills!

Teacher: "You are all becoming math superheroes! Now it's 'You Do' time. Show me your amazing property power on these problems. Think about which property, or both, might help you solve them easily.

"Problem 1: Solve: 9 + 1 + 6 = ? (Think about grouping!)"

"Problem 2: Fill in the missing number using a property: (4 + 2) + 8 = 4 + (__ + 8)"

"Problem 3: Is this true or false? Why? 5 + 3 = 3 + 5"

(Give students a few minutes to work independently. Circulate, observe their strategies, and provide support. Encourage them to explain their thinking for problem 3.)

Teacher: "Let's reveal our super answers! For problem 1, how did you solve 9 + 1 + 6? Did anyone group the 9 and 1 first?" (Guide towards (9 + 1) + 6 = 10 + 6 = 16). "That makes 10 + 6, which is 16! Excellent use of the Associative Property!

"For problem 2, what's the missing number in (4 + 2) + 8 = 4 + (2 + 8)?" (Wait for 2). "It's 2! We just moved the parentheses. That's the Associative Property at work."

"And for problem 3, is 5 + 3 = 3 + 5 true or false? Why?" (Wait for True, because of the Commutative Property). "It's TRUE! Because of the Commutative Property, we know we can switch the order and the sum stays the same. Both sides equal 8.

"You are all becoming so good at using these properties!"

Slide 7: You're Math Superheroes!

Teacher: "You have done a fantastic job today combining your math powers! Knowing the Commutative and Associative Properties of Addition makes you super strong at solving problems and even doing mental math faster. Keep practicing, and you'll be unstoppable!"

"Now, get ready for some more awesome challenges in your small groups!"

Day 3 Small Group: Property Problem Solvers

Directions: For each problem, solve it using the Commutative or Associative Property (or both!). Show your work and how you grouped or switched the numbers to make it easier.

Part 1: Choose Your Property Power!

1. 3 + 9 + 1 = ?
   Which numbers would you add first to make a 10? Show your grouping!
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

2. 5 + 2 + 5 = ?
   Which numbers would you add first to make it easy? Show your grouping!
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

3. 7 + 4 = ?
   Write this problem another way using the Commutative Property. Then solve both!
   Equation 1:
   
   
   
   Equation 2:
   
   
   

4. ** (6 + 3) + 7 = ?**
   How could you re-group these numbers to make a 10? Then solve!
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Part 2: True or False?

Read each statement. Is it true or false? Explain why!

5. 8 + 0 + 2 = (8 + 2) + 0
   True or False?
   
   
   
   Explain:
   
   
   
   
   
   

6. 4 + (5 + 1) = (4 + 5) + 1
   True or False?
   
   
   
   Explain:
   
   
   
   
   
   

7. 1 + 10 = 10 - 1
   True or False?
   
   
   
   Explain:
   
   
   
   
   
   

Day 3 Small Group: Property Problem Solvers Answer Key

Part 1: Choose Your Property Power!

1. 3 + 9 + 1 = ?
   Thought Process: To make a 10, we can add 9 and 1 first. The Associative Property allows us to regroup the numbers.
   Grouping: 3 + (9 + 1) = 3 + 10 = 13
   Alternatively, using Commutative first: 9 + 1 + 3 = (9 + 1) + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13
   Answer: 13

2. 5 + 2 + 5 = ?
   Thought Process: We have two 5s, which are easy to add to make 10. We can use the Associative Property to group them. We might also use the Commutative Property to put the 5s next to each other first.
   Grouping: (5 + 5) + 2 = 10 + 2 = 12
   Alternatively, using Commutative first: 5 + 5 + 2 = (5 + 5) + 2 = 10 + 2 = 12
   Answer: 12

3. 7 + 4 = ?
   Thought Process: This problem has only two addends, so the Commutative Property is the most applicable. It states that changing the order of the addends does not change the sum.
   Equation 1: 7 + 4 = 11
   Equation 2: 4 + 7 = 11

4. ** (6 + 3) + 7 = ?**
   Thought Process: To make a 10, we can add 3 and 7. The Associative Property allows us to re-group the numbers.
   Re-grouping: 6 + (3 + 7) = 6 + 10 = 16
   Answer: 16

Part 2: True or False?

Read each statement. Is it true or false? Explain why!

5. 8 + 0 + 2 = (8 + 2) + 0
   True or False? True
   Explain: This statement is true because of the Associative Property of Addition. It shows that changing the way the numbers are grouped when adding three numbers does not change the sum. Both sides of the equation equal 10.

6. 4 + (5 + 1) = (4 + 5) + 1
   True or False? True
   Explain: This statement is true because of the Associative Property of Addition. It demonstrates that the sum remains the same even when the grouping of the addends is changed. Both sides of the equation equal 10.

7. 1 + 10 = 10 - 1
   True or False? False
   Explain: This statement is false. On the left side, 1 + 10 = 11. On the right side, 10 - 1 = 9. 11 does not equal 9. This problem tests understanding of addition versus subtraction, and that the properties only apply to addition (and multiplication).